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Price 10 C^ 



SPALDING'S Athletic Library 




American Sports VubtishinQ C 

16 ®. 18 Park Plaice . New York. 



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Won a 



A. G. SPALDING & BROS. 

Special Award 

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BASKET BALL 
FOR WOMEN 



AS ADOI'I |.;|) i;y 



'iiiK <(,niv:iu:n<k on i-iiyHn:Ai, 

•KAIN.N<;. I.Kl.l. ,N ..MNK. W.,'.,. AT .SI'KI N. ;k, ,.;, ,„, „a.S,S. 



ALSO Ali'l'ICI.KS ON TIIK (MMK J'.y 
l)v. I.iitli.r fiiili.k, hr. riHTKlorc JIoukI), 
Miss AiiKiista l.a.M- I'airick, Miss J-:ilcn' 
Emerson, li. L. ; Miss Allies Childs, A. H.; 
Miss I-aimy Ciarrison, A. li. ; Miss Julie: 
I':I1s1h-c SnIIivai. aiul Miss SciKJa licrcnsoi, 



a>/'iia> i:y 



SEN DA IWCRj-NSON 



i'l'lilJHIIKO J',y rilK 

AMKIilCAN SJ'OJiTS J'( J J{/,ISil JNr; COMJ'ANV 

!•■"> VVAftiti.;,' S-i KKK'i-, Nkw Yoick 




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.lyHJ^HYot OQNQRESS 
iwu ColMes rieceivBJ 

,E8 2 1905 

ULHSS /h XXC. NO! 



Copyright, 1905 

BY 

AMERICAN Sports Publishing Company 
New York 



PREFACE 



The preparation of tliis pamphlet has unfortunatf-ly Ijeen 
unavoidably delayed. It has had the advantage, however, of pro- 
filing by the new Y. M. C. A. rules. In accordance with the vote 
passed at the Springfield Conference of Physical Training— "that 
the Conference gives its approval to the publication of a set of 
rules for basket ball for women, based on the official rules, btit 
with such modifications as seem desirable'"— the rules presented 
here have been drawn up as much like the latter in wording and 
changes as was permitted with the different rulings, and we are 
indebted to the Y. M. C. A. rules for whatever we have adopted 
from them. 

Xo significant changes from the old rules of "Basket Ball for 
Women" have been suggested or found necessary. The rules for 
boundary lines, the length in the time of the game and the num- 
ber of players on a team have been changed. Five players on a 
team seemed to us too small a number. It gives too much work 
and too great responsibility to the one centre; on the other hand, 
ten players proved too many for practically all gymnasia. The 
rule has therefore been changed to "from six to nine players." 
The length of the playing time has been changed from twenty- 
minute to fifteen-minute halves. Twenty-minute halves proved 
too exhausting for most players. Indeed, even in the Y. M. C. A. 
rules the younger men, or "Juniors," are limited to fifteen- 
minute halves. However, teachers and coaches who still think it 
wise to play forty-minute games may do so, even with the new 
rules. The changes for the boundary lines have been adopted 
from the men's rules. 

It is apparently impossible to define the rules so that players all 
over the country shall interpret them alike. The Committee is 
always glad to answer questions. In some cases of misinterpreta- 
tion, however, it seemed to us that the players would have under- 
stood them better had they read them a little more carefully. 

Dr. Alice B. Foster of All Saints School, Sioux Falls, South 
Dakota, resigned from the Committee appointed at the Springfield 



. BASKET BALL FOR WOMEN. 

Conference, and Dr. Alice G. Snyder of the University of Michi- 
Conterence, present Committee consists of 

T "prtbet " W ight Radcliffe College, Cambridge, Mass.; 
Mifs mPerrin,thf Boston Norma, School of Gymnastics. 
Bo o.^mL Dr. Alice G. Snyder, University of M chigan. Ann 
" Micl; Senda Berenson, Smith College, Northampton, 

^'we are glad to hear that these rules are being more and more 
•ll used especially in the Middle and Far West. We shall 
Tvooh-e letters or articles from different sections of the 
"mury where these rules are used in our next edition. 



EDITORIAL 



Senda Berenson 

BASKET BALL was invented by Dr. James Naismitli, about 
January of 1892. It was invented particularly for the Y. M. 
C. A, Training School, at Springfield, Mass., and in all 
probability, Dr. Naismith had no idea it would ever be played by 
women. 

However, directors of gymnasia for women saw at once that it 
was, perhaps, the game they were eagerly seeking — one that should 
not have the rough element of foot ball, yet should be a quick, 
spirited game — should cultivate strength and physical endurance, and 
should be interesting enough to become a part of physical training 
for women as foot ball and base ball are for men. They saw at once 
that it had many elements of success required for such a game, and 
forthwith attempted it as part of their gymnastic work. Its success 
proved far beyond their expectations. It was only necessary to try it 
to have it become most popular wherever it was played. The col- 
leges for women found it a boon. The physical training schools took 
it up, and their women graduates spread it all over the country. To- 
day there are few gymnasia for women where basket ball is Dot a 
part of their curriculum, and hundreds of basket ball teams are 
formed yearly in all our cities by women who play the game at regu- 
lar times during the winter. It is by far the most popular game that 
women play. 

Experience with the game, however, soon proved that its one great 
fault is its tendency to roughness, and that in order to overcome this 
tendency some modifications would be necessary. Nothing is more 
conclusive of this than the fact that the majority of women who play 
the game, do so with more or less modifications. Dr. Sargent made 
some changes and had his rules printed. His Normal School pupils 
play the game with his rules and it is natural to infer that the pupils 
teach it with his modifications. The Boston Normal School of Gym- 
nastics has printed modified rules of its own, and its graduates teach 
it with these rules. Miss Clara Baer, of Newcomb College, made 
many changes, and had her rules printed, calling the game " Bas* 



liASKET BALL KOR WOMEN 

he autumn of 1892. The preparatory schools and normal school 
who play wuh some changes are too numerous to mention 

One has a natural antipathy against making changes in rules pre 

viously established. The fact tho^ fi.^ • • r * '" ^"^^^ P^e- 

J ine lact that the majority of women find i> 

Zi^" '' "" "'^^ "' '^''" """ " ^"'' "'^'' ""^^ -- 

th^l^ Yl ''™"^" ^'^°"'^Sreat cause for dissatisfaction; namely, 
tha scarcely two. nsftufons of education for women pla with pre 
ctsely the same rules. Most of them play with changes ofLme so 
but each msmut.on uses the changes it has made for itself 

At the Conference of Physical Training held at Springfie'ld Mass 
from June 14 to 28, 1S99, a committee was appointed to inJe ligat'; 
th.s matter and ,0 draw up rules which should voice the d ff re" 
mod.ficat.ons used all over the country as much as possible 

Tins commmee consisted of Alice Bertha Foster, Director of 
Phystcal Tratn.ng for Women, Oberlin College. Chairman; E he 
Pernn, Instructor o Gymnastics, Boston Normal School o Gym 
na ,cs; El.zabe.h Wright, Director of Physical Training, Radc iffe 
College; Senda Berenson. Director of Physical Training. Stnifb 

The committee offered the following report: 
The Committee respectfully recommends 

/'>V./-That the Conference give its approval to the publication 
of a set of rules for Basket Ball for Women, based on the oS 
rules, but with such modifications as seem desirable. 

6-.W That these rules be offered for publication either with 

he Spalding Official Rules, or by the Spalding Athletic Lbrl 

together wuh some articles discussing the use of the game by women' 

r^.r^-That the leading institutions wherein the game is played 

tlfouXlet:;:^":^' as^ng suggestions as to m^odific^ti^o:^ 

Smtc^n^ge'" '''' ''''' '' ''''-' '^^ ''^- Senda Berenson of 
-^i/V/.-That the changes made in the rules be as follows: ♦ * » 



BASKET BALL FOR WOMEN U 

The report and rules were read for approval before the Conference 
and discussed. The Conference voted unanimously that the report be 
accepted and rules adopted and printed. 

The rules offered in this pamphlet seem to the Committee to voice 
the wisest changes of those used all over the country. On the other 
hand, they are not put forth as final, and the Committee will be glad 
of suggestions from any one who thinks further changes necessary 




PhuLo ijy Lcc iiru.. ^j^jyERSITY OF MINNESOTA. 



THE PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF 
BASKET BALL FOR WOMEN 

By Luther Gulick, M. D. 

Superintendent of Physical Instruction in the Public Schools of New York. 

IT is not my purpose to discuss the details of team-play, nor to 
explain especial plays or formations. I desire to call attention 
to the bearings of the psychology of team-play upon some of the 
more fundamental matters concerning the nature of woman and her 
place in our civilization. 

Wy team-play I mean the play of individuals in such a way as to 
advance the interests of the team as contrasted Avith the interests of 
the individual. To illustrate: a player (A) has the ball and can 
throw for goal, or she can pass the ball to a player (B) nearer to the 
goal and having a better opportunity to cage the ball. Individual 
interest will lead (A) to throw for the goal. She may take it, and 
thus win for herself the credit for a brilliant play. This is one of 
the faults of beginners and always of selfish players. If (A) looks 
mainly to the interests of the team, she must forego her own chance 
for prominence and must play the ball to (B) who will secure from 
the crowd the credit, much of which in this case really belongs to (A). 
In case (A) throws directly for the goal and makes it, she is not thereby 
justified in the play; she should be censured by the coach or captain. 
In the long run such a player, who puts her own interests above that 
of the team, will prove a detriment to the team. 

Team-work means the frequent subordination of self-interests to 
the interests of the team. The individual shines mainly in the ireneral 
glory of the team. 

The single instance given is but a simple illustration of what 
characterizes basket ball. A team of moderate players, but who 
play well together, who play a strong team game, will defeat a team 
of experts who play each one for himself. This has been repeatedly 
demonstrated. It was clearly shown in the national championships 
in which a team of the best of experts was beaten for two years by 
teams whose individual players did not excel, but whose team-work 
was better. 

This subject of team-play has most important bearings. The 

13 





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Photo by Horner. 



POSSE GYMNASIUM TEAM, BOSTON. 



BASKET BALL FOR WCmEN 



15 



necessity for team-play is characteristic of base ball, foot l)all, ciicVet, 
and a few subsidiary games, such as lacrosse, hockey, etc. It is .\ot 
characteristic of track and field sports, nor of any other great national 
spofts. These games demanding team-play are played by Anglo- 
Saxon peoples, and by these peoples alone, and may thus be said to 
be a differentiating characteristic of the Anglo-Saxon adolescent 
male. 

It is also important to notice that these games are not played till 
the teens are reached. Little boys may play these games, but they 
rarely play more than an individual game; real team-work is rare 
among them. This fact accpiires higniticance when we remember that 
during adolescence great psychological changes occur in the boy 
among which the growth of altruism is prominent. 

What is its nature ? What are the mental and moral demands of 
teamwork? They are, of course, higher than those of individual 
play. One may or may not choose to use the word altruism in such a 
relation, but this loyalty to the team when such loyalty puts self in 
the background certainly is made out of the same kind of stuff as is 
altruism. It is loyalty to a larger unit than self. It is, ethically, of a 
higher order than is individual jday This team loyalty is very like 
the tril:)al loyalty of early savage life. Those tril)es in whom the 
men were loyal to the tribe, even more than to self, would, other 
things being equal, conquer those who were still on the individual 
plane. The deep nature of the instinct that has led to the develop- 
ment of these games is thus shown. 

My experience and observation ever since Mr. Naismith invented 
the game is that it is more difficult to get women to do team-work 
than it is to get men to do so. In what way may this be explained? 
It is idle to say that men are more self-sacrificing than are women^ 
A comparative study of men's and women's relation to their children 
is ample evidence on this point. What facts maybe explanatory? 
Boys play games in a way that girls do not. Boys play on the street, 
and have a kind of rough and "give and take" education among their 
fellows that is far more intense than is the corresponding education 
of girls. But this is insufficient to account for the marked difference 
in the interest and adaptability that women seem to have for team 
games. In cases that I have seen where there has been equal oppor- 



BASKET BALL FOR WOMEN 1 / 

tunity for girls to acquire the team spirit, they have not acquired it 
to anything like the same extent that boys have. We must look 
deeper than the mere circumstances of early environment to account 
for this phenomena. In a careful study of boys' gangs, not yet pub- 
lished, that has been made by Mr. T. J. Browne, this spirit of loyalty 
to the team, or loyalty to the gang, has been worked out with 
thoroughness. He has shown that most boys during adolescence 
form spontaneous groups that often maintain their personelle for 
years, exerting a great influence upon the life of the individual. 
The boy will be loyal to the group to which he belongs often more 
than he will to even his own parents. One finds corresponding 
spontaneous grouping among girls, but not to the same extent, nor 
are the societies so persistent nor so inclusive of all the interests of 
the individual. 

Another class or group of facts that would demand investigation 
bearing upon this general topic is the treatment that women give 
each other on the street, in the electric car, and while shopping. It 
is a matter of common comment, for which there must be a modicum 
of ground, that women are more often inconsiderate of each other as 
strangers than are men. I do not attempt to justify the comment, 
but suggest the line of inquiry. 

It is a patent fact also that men form societies to an indefinitely 
larger extent than do women; not only secret societies, but societies 
for all sorts of purposes. Man's life appears to take more naturally 
to organization than does woman's. Man's life appears to be related 
more to loyalty to groups, while the woman's life seems to be more 
related to loyalty to the home and its interests. Geddes & Thomson, 
Fiske, Drummond, and others, have called attention to the great 
signincance of the maternal instinct in the development of altruism 
in the individual, and indeed maintain that this instinct is the tap 
root of altruism in the race. Without going into an extended discus- 
sion of the matter, I w ish to call attention to the fact that the kind of 
altruism displayed by men is more related to teams or groups than it 
is to the family, while the altruism of women does dominate with 
reference to husband and children and the more remote relations that 
constitute the larger family. 

This apparent large digression I have entered into in order that 



BASKET BALL FOR WOMEN jq 

we might see the significance of the discipline that comes to woman 
through the playing of such a game as basket ball. When it is done 
in a thoroughly scientific way with primary attention to team-work, 
it calls for qualities that are rather unusual, or at least calls for these 
qualities to an unusual extent. 

We are in a time of great unrest in regard to the status of woman. 
She is entering many lines of work that hitherto have been carried on 
entirely by men. We are hearing such brilliant voices as that of 
Mrs. Stetson, who voices and brings to consodousness the feelings of 
many women. Whatever may be the outcome of this time of unrest, 
there certainly must grow among women a kind of loyalty to each 
other, of loyalty to the groups in which they naturally are formed, 
that is greater than obtains at present. Loyalty to the team and the 
playing of team-work appears to me to be no mean factor in the de- 
velopment and expression of this quality upon which our civilization 
rests— the capacity for co-operation, the capacity for being willing 
to set aside a part even of one's own rights in order to win the larger 
benefits of co-operative endeavor. 



THE PHYSIOl.OC'.ICAL FFFFCTS OF 
BASKFT RAIL 

By TiuonoKi- Hoicn. Tn.!). 

AK1'X"1\N r paper hy l>r. 1 .co l.uut/. i;ivcs rcsulls wliirli aio of 
!;icat importance in sUulyiiii; the pliysii^logy of basketball. 
In this jiaper it is shown that the anuniut of carbon-ilioxide 
given off and of oxygen consuuieil l>v the lunly is vastly greater din- 
ing bicycle riding that it is during walking, and (hat it is also iniuh 
greater than we should suspect fioni our feelings of fatigue. ll is, 
moreover, a common experience wiih most wheelmen that a ride 
which involves but little etTort will produce profuse perspiration. In 
other words, cvcling involves, e\en on level ground, a vci-y large 
anu-iunt of muscular work, and so of oxidation without pioducing 
nnxrked sensations of fatigue. 

Two points in the explanation of this fact are of importance to us: 
First, the feeling of fatigue is not a reliable measure of the amount of 
muscular work which is being done; the fatigue of walking, for ex- 
ample, comes largely from the joints, aud w hert' we rclie\e these of 
the weight of the trunk, anil fiom jar. as we do in whetding, \ery 
much more work can be dime with less feeling yi( elTort ; sectnidlv, 
while walking ilemands of some muscles, such as those of the calf of 
the leg. an amount of wiuk out of all proportion to that which other 
muscles perform, bicycle riding makes no such disproportionate de- 
mands on any one group of nuiscles; the work is more distributed 
and hence is less felt, but when the sum total i^( work done bv all 
muscles is added, it is found to l)e much great ei- than was the case in 
walking. 

This greater an\ount of work involves the proiluction of a gieater 
amount of carbon-dioxide and a greater consumiuion of oxvgen by the 
muscles; in i)ther words, incrcaseil iliMnands are made on the respira- 
tory mechanism, which consists, on the oni- hand, of the nerve centres, 
nerves, and muscles of respiration and, on the other, i'>( the heart and 
the blood vessels. We can thus see at once that such e\i-rcise in- 
volves the respiration of greater ijuantities of air and an increased 
output of blood per minute on the part of the heart; and the more or 



BASKET BALL FOR WOMEN 23 

less profuse perspiration already referred to is, of course, an effort to 
get rid of the increased amount of heat produced ])y the working 
muscles. 

I have referred thus at length to these observations of Luntz on 
bicycle riding because they give us the most accurate observations 
upon the physiological conditions which obtain during such games as 
basket ball; here again we have a form of exercise which brings into 
simultaneous action large numbers of muscles, although no one muscle 
is worked excessively; even when the ball is in play in some other 
part of the field, a player must be on the qui vive, which means, phy- 
siologically, a state of slight contraction of great numbers of muscles; 
this of itself involves a considerable sum total of oxidation which, of 
course, becomes much greater during the more active work of run- 
ning, jumping, throwing, etc. In all such games, as in bicycle 
litling, more M^ork is done than we are conscious of, and while this 
work does not produce feelings of fatigue, it does involve very greatly 
increased efTort on the part of the heart and of the muscles of 
respiration. 

Considerations of these facts shows us at once when it becomes 
physiologically unsafe to play basket ball. It is evidently not safe to 
do so when the heart is unable to perform with comparative ease the 
increased work required of it; and this may be the case first, in cer- 
tain diseases of the heart, and secondly, when the player has not been 
taking muscular exercise for some time, and so is "out of training." 

This is not the place to discuss the relations of the various forms 
of heart disease to such games. In some of them it is unsafe to play; 
in others, playing under proper restrictions is a good thing. It is for 
the physician to say in any individual case whether it is safe to play 
or not. 

An equally practical matter is the necessity for training as a pre- 
paration for such games. Basket ball does not at once impose on the 
heart conditions which are unfavorable for its work; it merely 
doubles, we will say, the demand upon it for work; indeed, the key 
to the whole matter is that, for respiratory and other purposes, the 
heart must pump very much more blood in the same time. A portion 
of that part of its cycle which is normally given to the rest of diastole 
and pause must l^e sacrificed to the systole, which thus comes to con- 




PhoLo by Firiher & Co. 

VALLEY CITY 



(NO. DAK.) HIGH SCHOOL. 



BASKET BALL FOR WOMEN 



25 



sume a larger proportion of the total time of the cycle. In this way 
are introduced the conditions of fatigue, and it is simply a question 
whether the heart can stand this more fatiguing work; in other words, 
it is a question of how well trained it is. One may as well expect 
good results in a skeletal muscle by going into a four-mile run with- 
out previous training as to expect good results in the heart by going 
into a game of basket ball under like conditions; and the danger in 
both cases comes chiefly from the undue prolongation of the work; 
especially is this true of basket ball. As long as play continues the 
muscles are producing these largely increased quantities of carbon- 
dioxide, and the heart is being stimulated to get this to the lungs for 
removal from the body; and, if this demand is made on a heart which 
is not strong enough to endure prolonged Mork, trouble may result. 

It is perfectly clear that the danger may be diminished, indeed, 
practically obviated, if we lessen at first the duration of play and in- 
crease the time of rest; or, if at the first we play but one-half of ten 
minutes. The danger is also lessened if not obviated by the modifi- 
cations used at many of our women's colleges and institutions, and 
embodied in the rules given in this number. That these modifica- 
tions do avoid the danger is indicated by the following facts which 
have come to my notice; no doubt others can give similar evidence: 
Two of our women's colleges have used basket ball fur a number of 
years. One of them has used the Y. M. C. A, rules, the other the 
modified rules; in both of them the players were under medical super- 
vision. At the former school there have been a suspicious number of 
cases of "bicycle " hearts among basket ball players. At the latter, 
not only has this trouble not occurred, but during moderate use of the 
game (once weekly, with four weekly gymnasium exercises) from 
November to March, several first-year students with exactly this 
trouble became perfectly normal and played on the class team. It 
seems to me that the division of the field into three parts with the 
consequent limitation of the possible amount of exertion gives an 
amply sufficient explanation of these results. 

This leads us to the great physiological use of games like basket 
ball in physical training. Gymnastic work excels all other work in 
corrective value, and is needed in the conditions of our modern school 
life for this reason. There can also be no doubt that it can and as 



BASKET BALL VOK WOMEN 2 7 

far as possible, ou<;lil to ho i;ivcu so as to train a tu-rlaiii amoiiuL of 
what is called eiuluraiuc; that is, the ahilily to inaiiitaiii moderate 
work for loiio- periods of time, or vii^oious work for (airly lonj; periods 
of time. lUit i;ymnastics is not a convenient, and it is very doulitful 
if it is ever a practical means of doing all in this direction that an all- 
round physical training demands. With the e\c(.i)lion of marching 
and running, gymnasium work involves rather the \igorons usr of 
muscles for very short periods at a time rather than the eontinnance 
of muscular activity for longer periods of tinu-. It is the hilltr form 
of work wdiich adds up most in tlie end, and produces thelaigist 
(piautities of carbon-dioxide, and so calls on tlu- heart and the respira- 
tory apparatus for most vigorous work. vVnd this vi-ry vigorous work 
is the only means of training the heart and respiratory a[)[)aratus to 
that degree of strength and endurance which enable them to meet any 
demand that the conditions of life may make upon them. 'I'his, of 
itself, is a strong reason for the use of such exercises, of w Inch no 
better example can be found than basket ball. 

We can refer only in the most general way to the hygienic effect 
of such vigorous exercise; that is, the effect in nuiintaining health each 
day. Muscular exercise is one of the i)hysiological conditions o( 
health; it produces conditions in the oiganism without which its in- 
herited structure cannot maintain for long a healthy life. These 
physiological conditions are numerous and complicated; one of them, 
however, is so closely connected with what has already been explained 
that it maybe used as an example of the rest: The increased breath- 
ing movements make themselves felt beneficially in all parts of the 
body, aiding in the flow of the nutrient fluids (lymph) around the 
cells and so in the nutrition of the living units of the organism. The 
man or woman who does nothing to induce vigorous breathing is run- 
ning a far greater hygienic risk than when one ilrinks a glass (J water 
from the notoriously bad water supply of some of our American cities. 

There is a third important physiological effect of such games. In 
the history of individual development no fact is so plainly written as 
that "whatsoever a man soweth, that shall he also reap." Especially 
is this true of the nervous system which retjuires efficient control 
over the movements of the body only as the body carries out, over 
and ®ver again, such movements as demand the most rapid and com- 



BASKET BALL FOR WOMEN 2n 

plicated response on tlie part of the nervous system; and it requires 
but a moment's reflection to see that these games meet these require- 
ments to a remarkable extent, prol)ably, indeed, as nothing else does. 
The writer has heard of a case where it became necessary for two 
young ladies who had played basket hall to dodge a runaway horse, 
which they did successfully. They themselves believe that they 
would not have escaped uninjured except for having played a game 
of the kind. The cautious scientist is slow in expressing an opinion 
on a specific case of this kind, but he need have no hesitancy in 
asserting that such games train to a remarkable degree tlie power of 
tiie nervous system to do the right thing at the right time in order to 
meet sudden and unexpected situations; and this is a kind of muscu- 
lar control which it is well worth while to acquire. 

We may sum up the results of the previous discussion as follows: 
Basket ball involves a large amount of work with a proportionately 
small element of conscious fatigue. It conse(iuently makes larger 
demands on the heart and other organs of respiration than the player 
realizes, and in this lies its danger. This danger can be successfully 
avoided, however, by proper attention to training and by proper 
regulation of the game itself; indeed, we may add that few other 
games can be so easily regulated to meet this end. When so regu- 
lated, it is in every way a good thing for the heart which it trains to 
strength and endursnce. It moreover trains the co-ordinating nerve 
centres to a high degree of muscular control, and, above all, it is a 
most efficient agent in producing those general hygienic effects of 
muscular exercise which constitute the chief leason for the use of 
muscular exercise at all. 




Photo by Arnol 



OAlv i'AKK. (ILL.* liiGH SCHOOL. 



THE SIGNIFICANCE OF BASKET BALL 
FOR WOMEN 

By Senda Berenson 

IN competitive games one of two strong forces must become all- 
important. One will either abandon one's self to instinct and 
impulse in the (piickness of action and intense desire for victory, 
and hence develop rough and vicious play; or, eliminating brute and 
unfair play, one's powers are put into developing expert playing, 
quickness of judgment and action, and physical and moral self, 
control. 

Much of the element of rough play in games comes more from ex. 
citement and the desire to win at all and any cost than from inborn 
viciousness of character. Many players are ashamed of their conduct 
in games in their calmer nn)ments. Tliat is as it should be. The 
great danger lies in the fact that rough and unfair i>Iay, the results at 
first of impulse and carelessness, become strong forces in vitiating the 
characters of the players by developing another standard of morals 
for athletics than the one held for conduct in life. 

Not only is this standard for athletics held by athletes, but a great 
number of the community at large seem to think certain elements in 
athletics perfectly fair, that from an ethical point of view are as bad 
as lying or stealing. "All is fair in love and war" we are told; cer- 
tain games are mimic war; hence every action is justifiable in games. 
A young friend, apparently earnest, ambitious and honorable, told 
me with all seriousness that if you take all the objectionaI)le features 
out of a game you take all the fun out of it — there is nothing left; 
that it really isn't so bad " to wind " or injure a man in foot ball in 
order to weaken the other side. I heard a good old minister, who 
was preaching to a community of college men say, emphasizing liis 
remarks with his fist on the reading desk. "When we play a game of 
foot ball, what is our object? It is to win; nothing else counts; we 
go in to 7i7*w." His very tones implied, " win at all hazards, by fair 
means or foul, do anything, but in the end win." 

The greatest element of evil in the spirit of athletics in this country 
is the idea that one must win at any cost — that defeat is an unspeak- 
able disgrace. Most of the brutality and unfairness come from this. 

31 



BASKKT HAF.I, FOR WOMFCN 

else just tliese elements that women find Jiecessary today in their en. 
larged field of activities. I IJasket ball is the came al)ove all others 
tliat has proved of the grWitest value to them.' Foot ball will never 
be played by women, and base ball is seldom cnlcicd iiilo with spirit. 
I'>;»skct ball is played with deep <;ir iirsi ncss :iimI iillcr iiik onsciousness 
of self. Cerlain elements of false edu(ulion for ccnl iii ics have nia<|p 
woman self-conscious. She is becoming less so, bill one liinb; women 
posing even in tennis and golf. \l is impossible lo pos(; in basket 
ball. The game is too (juick, loo vi<^M)roiis. ihe a< lion loo (oiitinuous 
to allow any element to enter wlii< li is fr, reign lo il. Il rlevelops 
(piick perception and judgm( iil in one nioineiif a person nuist judge 
space and time in order lo run and catch the ball al I lie right place, 
must decide fo wlioin il may best be thrown, and al the same time 
must remember not to "fonl." It dev<-lo|)s j>liysi( al and moral 
courage, self-reliance and self-conlrol, the ability to meet success and 
defeat with dignity. 

It is saifl that one of woman's weaknesses is 1m r inability to leave 
the personal element out of thought or action, li this is so — and 
there is some ground for such a supposition — a competitive game like 
basket ball does much to do away with it. Success in this game can 
be brought about only by good team-])lay. A team with a niunber of 
brilliant individual players lacking team-work will be beaten always 
by a team of conscientious jdayers who play for each oihei. This 
develops traits of character which organization brings; fair play, ini- 
])ersonaI interest, earnestness of purpose, the ability fo give one's 
best not for one's own glorificaf ion but for the good of the team — the 
cause. 

Hut just as basket ball )iiay be made an influence for goofl so may 
it be niade a strong influence for evil. The gravest <d)jeclion to the 
game is the rough element it contains. Since athletics for women are 
still in their infancy, it is well to bring up the large and significant 
question: shall women blindly imitate the athletics of men without 
reference to their different organizations and purpose in life; or .shall 
dieir athletics be such as shall develop those physical and moral ele- 
ments that are particularly necessary for them ? We can profit by the 
experience of our brothers and therefore save ourselves from allowing 
those objectionable features to creep into our athletics that many men 




IIYPK VAKK (tMUr.\(U>> IIUUI SCHOOL. 



JjASKI.T );AI-L hOk WOMfcN 37 

are seriously workinj^ to clirninaic from tbciri,. Since a)] ncv/ rnovf;- 
rnents swing from the exfrcme of degeneracy or inertness to the ex- 
trerne entliusiasm of newly acquired powers, unless we are most 
careful we shall allow that enthusiasm and power to run away with 
our reason. Jt is a well known fact that women al^andon themselves 
more readily to an impulse than men. I.ornbroso tells us that women 
are more open to suggestion, more open to run to extremes than men. 
'i'his shows us that unless we guard our athletics carefully in the 
beginning many objectionable elements will quickly come in. It also 
shows us that unless a game as exciting as basket ball is carefully 
guided by such rules as will eliminate roughness, the great desire to 
win and the excitement of the game will make our women do sadly 
unwomanly things. 

This lias already been proved. A basket ball match game was 
played several years ago between the teams of two of our normal 
schools. One team had been trained to play with the Y. M. C. A. 
rules; the other with modified rules. Since neither team wished to 
change its method of play, the first half was played by each team 
according to its own rules. The game was so rough that the second 
half was played by both teams with -the modified rulers. Let rne 
quote from a paper commenting on this game : 

•♦ Probably no finer exhibition of l^asket ball playing by women has 
ever been seen in this country than the game played by t?iese two 
teams during the /as/ half of their contest. 1 As a possibility of what 
women can show in the way of skill, alertness, accuracy, coolness and 
presence of mind under trying circumstances, and still be ladies, the 
game was a revelation to many presenf. 

"To my mind the important lessori of this game, and the one that 
should make it a memorable one, is that a courteous consideration of 
an opponent, even in an antagonistic game, does not necessarily 
diminish a team's chances for victory." 

Another instance; a basket ball team composed ol refinerl women, 
in one of our New York cities, was challenged to play a game by a 
team just out of their town. The occasion was not only to be an 
athletic but a great social event. The visiting team had played with 
modified rules; the other with rules for men. The playing w»f not 
only rough to a degree, but the spirit shown toward the guests vli<» 




Photo by Stamp. 



ELMIRA (N. Y.) COLLEGE. 



BASKET BALL FOR WOMEN ^Q 

were beating, by their opponents and their friends, was what one 
would think quite impossible in women who had any regard for the 
ordinary courtesies of life. Rough and vicious play seems worse in 
women than in men. A certain amount of roughness is deemed 
necessary to bring out manliness in our young men. Surely rough 
play can have no possible excuse in our young women. 

Of course, these two cases and similar instances of which I have 
heard do not prove that many of our women who play basket ball do 
so in an undesirable way. They are sufficient, however, to make us 
pause and consider whether they are not enough to prove that we 
need to free the game from anything that might lead to objectionable 
play. And here a serious question may be raised as to whether it is 
for the best interests of women to go into inter-scholastic games. 

However, just this fact that women are more open to suggestion is 
an encouraging one, for it shows us that they can the more easily be 
lead to right thought and action. This can be seen by the splendid 
results of clean sport and good spirit gained wherever basket ball has 
been guarded by careful rules and strict discipline. 

But just here I must say that not only is it necessary to modify the 
game somewhat, but the physical director and umpire cannot appre- 
ciate too fully the responsibility of their positions. The best of rules 
will be no protection to one who does not insist on fair play and does 
not umpire most conscientiously. It is also important that the cap- 
tain of the team shall not only be a good basket ball player, but one 
who represents the best athletic spirit. I may say that the spirit of 
athletics in our colleges and schools for women is what the director of 
the gymnasium makes it. The right spirit is not gained by autocratic 
methods, but by almost impercepti])le suggestion and strong example. 
If the physical director takes it for granted that athletics can be no 
other than fair and honorable, her spirit will be imbibed uncon- 
sciously by her pupils. 

The modifications in the rules contained in this pamphlet were 
carefully considered and are entirely the fruit of experience. The 
two important changes are the division of the playing field and the 
prohibiting of snatching or Ijatting the ball from the hands of another 
player. 

The division of the gymnasium or field into three equal parts, and 



i 


^^^^^T^^^I^H 


f 


^.'I^fe: ^. 


f» 




^■P- 

€ 


p- ^^^.J^f 


1 


^w:^^M 



BASKET BALL I'OR WoMKM 4I 

the prohibiting of the players of one division from running into the 
domain of another seems an advantage for many reasons. It does 
away almost entirely with "star" playing, hence equalizes the im- 
portance of the players, and so encourages team work. This also 
encourages combination plays, for when a girl knows she cannot go 
over the division line to follow the ball, she is more careful to play 
as well as possible with the girls near her when the ball comes to her 
territory. The larger the gymnasium the greater is the tax on in- 
dividual players when the game is played without lines. It has been 
found that a numl^er of girls who play without division lines have de- 
veloped hypertrophy of the heart. The lines prevent the players 
from running all over the gymnasium, thus doing away with unneces- 
sary running, and also giving the heart moments of rest. On the 
other hand, the lines do not keep the players almost stationary, as 
some believe. A player has the right to run anywhere she may please 
in her own third of the gymnasium. 

The divisions, then, concentrate energy, encourage combination 
plays, equalize team work and do away with undue physical exertion. 

Allowing snatching or batting the ball from another person's hand 
seems the greatest element toward encouraging rough play in the 
game. It is apt to encourage personal contact; it has an intrinsic 
quality that goes against one's better nature; it has an element of in- 
sult in it. When a player gets the ball it should be hers by the laws 
of victory, ownership, courtesy, fair play. To prevent this rule, how- 
ever, from making the game slow and spiritless, a rule was made that 
a player should not be allowed to hold the ball longer than three 
seconds under penalty of a foul. Preventing snatching or batting the 
ball has also developed superb jumping; for a player knows that since 
she cannot snatch the ball away from her opponent, by jumping in the 
air as high as possible she may catch the ball before it gets to her 
opponent. 

When the game was first started many saw the danger of ''drib- 
bling." The objectionable element was done away with by not 
allowing the players to bounce the ball more than three consecutive 
times or lower than the knee. Since then the Y. M. C. A. rules have 
done away with dribbling altogether. It seems a good rule to elimi- 
nate it when the game is played without division lines — where a 



BASKET BALL FOR WOMEN ^q 

player by dribbling can easily get from one basket to the other — but 
that necessity is overcome with division lines. To allow a player to 
bounce the ball three times gives an opportunity for having posses- 
sion of the ball longer than three seconds when she wishes to use a 
signal or combination play. On the other hand, by demanding that 
the ball shall be bounced higher than the knee gives a quick opponent 
a fair opportunity to bat the l^all away when it is between the floor 
and the player's hands. 

Of course, if bouncing the ball becomes a nuisance — and one never 
knows what peculiar play will become popular — it can easily be 
remedied by doing away with it altogether until the team appreciates 
that it is a great advantage if used in moderation, a great hindrance 
if used to an extent. 

The original rules allow only five on a team. We have changed 
the rule to allow any number from five to ten players on a team. My 
own conviction is that the smallest number of players should be six 
instead of five, for when the game is played with division lines the 
work in the centre is much too hard for one player. Some of the 
strongest and quickest work is done in the centre. The size of the 
gymnasium should decide the number of players on a team. If a 
gymnasium is 40x30 feet, it stands to reason that fewer players are 
necessary to meet all the hygienic and recreative requirements of the 
game than where the floor is ioox5o. In one of our colleges ten play 
on a team because the players find they can bring about better com- 
bination plays with four centres. The dimensions of their gymnasium 
is 108x60 feet — large enough to allow this increased number. 

Should people imagine that these modifications take the fire and 
spirit out of the game, they can either try it with their own teams 
"without prejudice," or witness a game where such modifications are 
adopted to be convinced of their mistake. Perhaps it may not be out 
of place to quote some passages from an account which appeared in 
one of our leading newspapers with reference to a game played with 
modified rules at one of our colleges for women : " The playing was 
very rapid and extremely vigorous. From the time the ball went into 
play until a goal was tossed there was no respite. The playing could 
not properly be called rough. There was not an instance of slugging, 
but the ball was followed by the players with rushes, much the way 




UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI SPECIAL, 



BASKET BALL FOR WOMEN 45 

it is on the gridiron. One who supposes it is a simple or weak game 
would be surprised to see the dash and vigor with which it is entered 
into. It is a whirl of excitement from start to finish, and yet, with 
all the desperate earnestness and determination with which the game 
is played, there is excellent control and much dexterity shown. 
There is splendid temper and true sportswomanlike spirit in the 
game. The services of a referee to end a dispute are seldom needed, 
and there are no delays on account of kicking. The amount of phy- 
sical strength and endurance which is cultivated is readily apparent. 
One might suppose that it would be a namby pamby exhibition with 
much show, many hysterical shrieks and nothing of an athletic con- 
test; but nothing could l)e more contrary to facts. True, there is no 
slugging or exhibition of roughness, but the play is extremely vigorous 
and spirited, and is characterized by a whirl and dash that is surpris- 
ing to the uninitiated. The possession of self-control, both of temper 
and physical action, was clearly in evidence yesterday, even during 
the most exciting stages of the game." 




UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI. "04. 



REIATIVE MERIT OF THE Y. M. C. A. 
RULES AND WOMEN'S RULES 

J' 

By Augusta Lane Patrick. 

Director of Phj'sical Training, High School, Newark, X. J. 

"All is but lip-wisdom which wants experience." 

Experience has proved to me what many conversations failed 
to impress in relation to basket ball, a game which has now 
become one of the foremost winter sports for both men and 
women. To insure its best results this game must have rules 
applicable to all, and so presented that misinterpretations shall 
be at a minimum. The question arises : Is it advisable for 
women to use the Y. ]\I. C. A. rules? 

Three years ago I fully believed in the affirmative. I con- 
tended that the game could be played without roughness ; that 
under these rules it embodied more skill, developed more "nerve,"' 
to use the popular expression, and aroused greater enthusiasm. 
To-day I as strongly advocate the women's rules, allowing my 
girls to play under no others. This change grew out of Miss 
Berenson's remark during our discussion : "Give these rules 
a fair trial." I did so, and have become a convert. 

Under the Y. M. C- A. rules our teams were not successful. 
The girls became exhausted before time was called, due in part 
to the excitement of the game, but as w^ell to loss of energy 
owing to confused and purposeless movements, a characteristic 
of the schoolgirl age. Each game was watched by me with 
nervous apprehension, for fear that some heart, through exces- 
sive labor, become permanentl)^ weakened. It was necessary to 
s'.iorten our halves at least five minutes and sometimes more. Yet 
the players were high school girls, strong and in good health, 
who, as they matured, were better able to hold their own. Our 
record was a series of defeats, the reason for which we could 
not fathom, and the humiliation rather dampened our enthusiasm. 

When we adopted women's rules our record changed. In con- 
vincing others, I convinced myself. 

The first year the teams used these rules under protest, but 

47 



T'.Ar.L FOR WOMRN. 



49 



l!ic second, llic ^irls r(fns<<l to pl.-ty hy riny otlicis. l'"roiii lliat 
time we heKaii to win. and onr sclicdnle recorded eight victories 
out of ten. 

To wliat can this change- he attrihnled? 

To the facts that : 

(a) Since each player is hnn'ted to a certain territory the 
severe strain is alle\iated. The interval when the hall is in 
play at the other end of the field, gives each a chance to regain 
hreath and hearings- The field lines dividing the courts have 
heen the s(jurce of much ridicule, and considered a great draw- 
hack, as at first sfj many fouls resulted in a slow, uninteresting 
game, iiut with practice the whistle was blown less, and there 
have been many games, where the linesmen were given no oppor- 
tunity to call fouls on our team. With expert players, the loca- 
tion of these lines becomes almost intuitive, and in no way a 
hindrance to the game. 

(])) In the rule forbidding touching the ball while in an- 
other's hands, roughness receives a decided check. Thmigh some 
feel that by this, the play degenerates into a ladylike pastime, 
one has but to see a skilled game, to realize that still enough 
of the strenuous element remains to develop courage in a marked 
degree. It is not as pronounced under the women's rules, Init 
it is quite sufficient in this fight for \ictory to make the most 
brilliant player "shaky." 

This rule trains to an almost wonderfid degree, the power of 
inhibition, and in cfjn junction with the one on "holding." which 
develops speerl and r|uickness, strengthens mental qualities highly 
desirable. This is by no means as markerl in the Y. M. C. A. 
rules. 

(c) 'J'eam work is as neces.sary under the women's rules as 
the Y. M. C. A. rules. In the former, goal-throwing is left to 
the forwards as is intended, and the play degenerates less easily 
into individual work. Team work may be made just as scientific, 
skillful, and artistic with field lines as without. These debar 
the rush from one end of the field to the other, l)Ut the passes 
nic just as attractive. 




UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI, '06. 



BASKET BALL FOR WOMEN. 5I 

(d) Again the women's rules make the game one of enjoy- 
ment. The girls are able to play the full time and feel only 
healthy fatigue after the game. The interval of quieted motion 
gives the heart the necessary respite which acts as a preventive 
to strain. 

(e) One more point of note is the increased number who are 
anxious to play, and surely every effort that inspires love for 
healthy sport should be made. The interest in the game is more 
widespread, and its possibilities attract many more girls. Timid 
girls, nervous girls, lazy girls, energetic girls, alike receive ben- 
efits which build up character as well as physique. Almost mar- 
velous have been some instances of the developmnt of self- 
control and mental as well as physical alertness. 

When we have succeeded in having girls join in the game 
for the sake of sport, taking defeat in an heroic, victory in a 
magnanimous way, then we have instilled in young womanhood 
traits of character which help to make the woman of the future, 
such that of each may be said : ''A perfect woman, nobly 
planned." 




UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI, '07. 



THE PRACTICAL SIDE OF BASKET BALL 

J' 

By Ellen Emerson, B. L., Agnes Childs, A. B , 
Fanny Garrison, A. B. 



HINTS TO COACHES. 

The most important point for coaches to insist upon with 
beginners in basket ball is exactness of playing. The rules 
should be carefully kept from the outset, especially those govern- 
ing fouls. The umpire should explain all fouls to players before 
they begin to play, then blow the whistle whenever one is mad© 
and exact the penalty. It is necessary to have an umpire from 
the start, in order to carry out the rules. 

Beginners are apt to run wuth the ball and to obviate this it 
is well to have each player run round the coach in a wide circle 
while the coach throws the ball, to her. She should jump as 
she catches it, land squarely on both feet, and throw the ball 
back to the coach before running on. In the following diagram, 
let A represent the position of the coach, while B, B\ B' and 
B"* represent the successive positions of the player, the arrows 
indicating the progress of the ball between the two. 

B 

'A 

\\ 

B^^ A ^^ ZZZ.B 
I t^-A 1^°3 

=^ 



B 

2 

In throwing the l)all in this so-called "race-horse"" scheme A 
must be careful to throw the ball each time a little in front of 

53 



BASKET HALL FOR WOMEN. 55 

B's position when the hall leaves A's hand that B may not stop 
running until the ball reaches her. 

If any fouls are overlooked at first they should be time fouls, 
for accuracy is so much more important than quick playing that 
it is better to let a player hold the ball too long, than to allow 
her to throw it before she sees anyone ready to catch it- To fur- 
ther accuracy, it is well to stop the game whenever a wild or 
poor play is made and show the player the correct play before 
continuing. 

All pkiyers should be trained to jump for balls passing over 
their heads. Thus are they trained in interference, in catching 
a carelessly thrown ball, or a "drop" ball. 

There cannot be too much practice in throwing balls — either a 
short, swift pass from the shoulder or waist to the waist of the 
catcher, or drop balls, thrown up from the shoulder so that they 
will drop just where the catcher can reach them, by jumping or 
by stepping back, and where her opponent cannot stop them. 

Good practice plays are: quick passes between players with 
interference by their opponents, quick passes between players on 
the run with or without interference, chain plays between two 
players on the run as in the diagram where A and B represent the 
various positions as before. 



I 2 3 

A A A A 

^^/ ^/ %./ %. 
B B B n 

I 2 3 

The arrow, as before, indicates the progress of the ball and 
here, as before, the ball should in each case be thrown a little 
in front of the catcher. A sort of triangular play is very advan- 
tageous in getting out of corners, because by means of it a 
player has a choice of two others to either of whom she may 
throw the ball, thus enabling her. if she is guarded on one side 
to throw the other way. Tet A. B and C be three players, and 



BASKET BALL FOR WOMFN, 



57 



A', B' and C their second positions. Suppose A has the ball in 
the corner, B and C run to positions B' and C respectively. 



BASKET 1 




A c^ B 
B 


/ 

C 



As will be seen from the diagram, the "triangle play" is of most 
use to guards and forwards. 

HINTS TO PLAYERS. 

There is often a tendency, especially among beginners, to 
throw the ball without looking to see if there is anyone to catch 
it. The desire to get rid of it makes the player forget that she 
who throws is just as responsible for its safe arrival as she who 
receives it. Better run the risk of a time foul than throw a 
wild ball. 

To insure accuracy of aim it is safer, as a rule, to throw a 
short rather than a long ball. Most gymnasiums have apparatus 
which interferes materially with the progress of a long, high ball, 
and nothing causes more confusion than a sudden miss of direc- 
tion, the inevitable result of contact with rafters or ropes. 

In order to catch a short throw the player must know how to 
"run up." Let the girl who is to receive the ball be standing, 
for example, behind her opponent. She then has an advantage; 
she can, by a signal, notify the thrower where to send the ball 
and her opponent cannot see her signal. Let her extend her 
right hand quickly to one side and the gesture may mean to her 
friend, "I am going to run to the right and forward." She runs, 
the ball comes straight for her new position, gets there at the 
same time she does, and is passed on before her opponent real- 
izes what has happened. 

When a long ball is to be thrown it is better to stand behind 
the opponent, to indicate one's intention to run back by raising 




^ v^l t 




BASKET BALL FOR WOMEN. 59 

the hand high over the head and then to drop quickly back three 
or four feet to receive the ball, which, of course, must be aimed 
not so much at the catcher as at a place somewhat behind her. 
Only by practice between the two players can accuracy be as- 
sured. 

As regards one's relation to her opponent, one motto may be 
said to apply always and everywhere in basket ball : "When your 
side has the ball, get away from your opponent ; when the other 
side has the ball, 'stick' to her." The only way to get away from 
her is to deceive her as to one's intentions by dodging. 

As a rule it is a bad plan for any one player to try to cover 
the whole field within her lines. It is far better to avoid "bunch- 
ing" by allotting to each girl some portion of the field and for 
her to keep to that portion as her own province. There are here, 
as always, some extreme cases where exceptions must be made, 
but the player's common sense must be her guide then. 

Above all, the best practice, and, perhaps the hardest, is to 
stand up during the game. Nothing makes the game so rowdyish 
in appearance or causes more adverse criticism than the tendency 
to slide along the floor after the ball. 

SPECIAL HINTS. 
As regards plays among the different centers, guards, or for- 
wards there is little to be learned except from experience, as 
what is found successful in one place and among one set of 
players may prove fruitless under different conditions. A few 
of the more general plays may not, however, be out of place. 

CENTER PLAYS. 

Each center should have a regular position where the forwards 
and guards may find her. One center should play up near the 
lines ready to receive a short ball from the guards on one end 
or send a short ball to the forwards on the other, as the case 
may be, while the other two stand farther back ready to receive 
or send longer or drop balls. 

When the center has thrown a short ball to a forward she 



6o BASKET BALL FOR WOMEN. 

should vStill feel responsible, as it may be necessary for the for- 
ward, because of her opponent's guarding, to return the ball to 
center and then drop back toward the basket to receive it again. 
When the 1)all is put in play the jumping center should stand 
facing her goal, raise her aruL be ready to jump and either bat 
or catch the ball — always striving to Ix'it it toward her goal- She 
should also be ready to turn and run for the b:ill in case her oppo- 
nent bats it. 

FORWARDS. 
The forwards cannot practice too much at the basket, with or 
without interference, ordinary goals, or free throw for goals. 
Let some one throw over-balls to the forwa-d and the forward, 
jumping, catch the ball, turn, and without bouncing, put it into 
the basket. There is a tendency for a forward to hurry about 
getting a ball into the basket without waiting to get into good 
position and without aiming carefully for the basket. By practice 
she can get accustomed to the time allotted her and discover 
what rapidity she must use in order to avoid a time foul. Every 
forward should also practice guarding as in this, as a rule, lies 
her weakest point, and in many cases a goal might be scored 
could the forwards interfere with the plays of their opponents. 

GUARDS. 
When a guard by high jumping has succeeded in batting the 
ball on its way to the goal she often cannot recover herself 
quickly enough to capture the ball and one of the other guards 
must run forward to calch it. The side guards especially must 
also be ready to assist the center guard in stopping a high over- 
ball to center forward when the center guard is in front of her 
opponent. This they can do by running in behind the forward 
to whom the ball is thrown. The center guard may, in some 
measure, prepare herself, as may the others, to interfere with 
either a low or a high ball sent to her forward, for, if she stands 
side of her forward, but facing her, with one foot in front and 
the other back, she can hit a low ball coming to the forward and 



BASKKT BALI, FOR WOMF.N. 



6l 



she has only to turn half way round to be ready for a drop ball 
back, whereas the forward must turn way round before she is 
able to run back. 

The fact that a ball has passed from guard to center does not 
mean that a guard's duties are ended- She must be ready to 
receive the ball back again from the center if the center is 
so guarded that she cannot throw the ball to one of the other 
center or if. for any reason, the center prefers a chance to run 
back for an over-ball from the guard. 

MATCH GAMES. 

Preparation for a match game may be classed under two heads: 
preparation in general, and preparation in particular. 

The former applies to the ordinary hygienic conditions of life. 
There is no reason why the life during training should differ 
from that usually pursued save where this latter has suffered as 
to regularity in the time of eating and sleeping, and where suffi- 
cient exercise has not been taken. Each individual has to deter- 
mine for herself what best suits her own needs. Food should 
be of good quality, and taken in sufficient quantity. If the indi- 
vidual gives up any food which she feels will be injurious to her, 
care .should be taken that something else replaces it. Outdoor 
exercise should be encouraged at this as at all times. 

As regards training in particular, preparation at the beginning 
should not be too hard. The number of times a week that the 
team practices can be gradually increased, also the length of 
halves — both within limits. It is w'cll to l)egin training with 
short halves. 

The team can i)ractice as a whole, by sections and individually- 
When working by sections, care shrnild be taken not to overwork- 
individuals. The strain involverl in pr.actice where only a few 
players take part is much greater than where the whole team ir» 
concerned. 

Toward the last the amount of playing should be decreased. 
Too much stress cannot be laid upon the importance of rest, 
particularly before a game. A team that enters a match in fresh 



62 BASKET BALL FOR WOMEN. 

condition will play better — as has been demonstrated again and 
again — than the one that has played up to the last moment. No 
new points can be gained immediately before a match game that 
should not have been learned previously. 

The match game is apt to be the cause of considerable excite- 
ment. Care should be taken that the strain be no greater than 
in the ordinary game. Play first of all for the fun to be had and 
in having that fun play a clean game. Go in to win. but do not 
win at the expense of fairness. When the good feeling which 
should exist between opposing teams is lost, victory is worthless. 



A PLEA FOR BASKET BALL 

Bv Julie Ellsbee Sullivan, 

Teachers' College, New York. 

Basket ball has attracted widespread interest because the game 
has been played by very many people. The game has suffered 
many criticisms. The spectator is inclined to speak of basket 
ball as an opportunity of working off a certain amount of surplus 
energy. This is hardly fair to basket ball, because any series of 
bodily movements continuously performed may be spoken of as 
working off a certain amount of stored-up energy. Besides this, 
mere repetition of bodily movements is not the predominant 
element in basket ball. There enters into the game many phases 
common to the play instinct. 

The playing of basket ball has for its ultimate aim the success- 
ful tossing of the ball through the basket. In order to score, 
team work requires good passing of the ball, trick formations in 
passes, and skill in tossing the ball through the basket. Team 
work is work, but no player thinks of the increased nervous ten- 
sion, or the rapid increase of heart-beat or the increase of general 
circulation, because through training the body has become 
adapted to these demands. This adaptation of the physical or- 
ganism to work forces the work element of the game to become 
automatic. The average woman basket ball player only thinks 
how one of her team can get an opportunity to toss the ball 
through the basket. The grasping of opportunities, the making 
of opportunities, and yet conforming to the rules, all join together 
in making up the play element, the fun and the enthusiasm which 
is simultaneously attractive both to the individuals and to the 
team as a whole. 

But to the on-looker at a game of basket ball, the play element, 
or the enthusiasm, seems to develop interest in the new problem 
of the opposing team ; quick thinking, quick acting, and thinking 
for others. Interest in the new problem of the opposing team is 
the reaction of the instinct of curiosity ; quick thinking of general 
mental activity ; quick acting of general mental activity ; think- 

63 



64 KASKKT HAI.T, I-()R \\OMEN. 

iii}4' for others of sympathy. If basket hall does develop the in- 
stincts of curiosity, general mental activity, general physical 
activity, and sympathy, then as Mr. Groos speaks of play, so 
may one speak of basket ball as "the instinctive performance 
by the young of mental and active life necessary in the serious 
business of after-life." 

It may be said that I have overlooked the rough playing that 
comes up in many of the games between women. Rough play- 
ing is the reaction of the instinct of pugnacity, but a person who 
instinctively reacts to a blow by striking out madly with a 
clenched hand may be taught to strike out with the science of 
the trained pugilist, or not to strike at all. Professor Thorndike 
of Columbia says : "We may inhibit instincts even when they 
are not inherently transitory, either (i)by previously forming the 
habit of meeting the situation in some other way, or (j) by so 
arranging the circumstances that the instinctive act results in 
discomfort." 

Grabbing or holding players is a reaction of the instinct of 
grasping at certain objects. If the members of a team in its 
first practice hours are taught to hold their fingers close together, 
and well extended, the holding of the fingers rigid will become a 
habit. The holding of the fingers stiff will prevent grabbing or 
holding the opposing pliayers. Thus, the player has been taught 
neither to grab nor to hold her opposing player, and the instinct 
of grasping at certain objects has been inhibited by the substitu- 
tion of a contrary habit. 

Suppose player A reacts to aii accidental blow from player B by 
striking out madly with her clenched hand. If the referee or 
coach stops the game immediately and gives player A's opposing 
team a chance to score, player A will usually become worried. 
After a few such treatments player A will mend her ways. In 
this way the second method of inhibition was used, that of in- 
hibition because of painful circumstances. 

Rough playing is neither necessary nor desirable. The rules 
for women are planned against the possible display of any ex- 
aggerations of the normal instincts either of pugnacity or ol 



BASKET ]?ALL KOR W0MP:N. 65 

grasping at certain objects. It is a pity when such a fine start 
has been made by Miss Berenson's forming of the rules for 
women, that the officials and coaches neglect their duties, and 
many times overlook real displays of brutality. So long as 
ofticials will continue to overlook this element of rough ])laying, 
just so long will there be criticisms against woman's playing the 
game at all. 



OFFICIAL RULES 

Ad^ipted at the Physical Conference, at Springfield, Mass., 
June, 1899, and revised for this edition. 

J* 

RULE I. 
GROUNDS. Section i. Basket Ball may be played oi 
any gTounds free from obstruction, sai( 
grrounds not to exceed 6,000 square feet of actu 
al playing space. 

boundary lines. Si':c. 2. There must bc a well defined lin 
marked around the lloor or fieltl. The sid 
boundaries shall be at least three feet from th 
wall or fence. The end boundaries shall b 
directly below the surface against which th 
g'oal is placed. This line shall form th 
boundary of the field of play. 

Division lines. Sec. 3. The field shall be divided into thre 
equal parts 1)\- field lines, parallel to the eiK 
boundary lines. 

RULE n. 
BALI.. Section i . The ball shall be round ; it shal 
be made of a rul)ber bladder covered with ; 
leather case ; it shall not be less than 30 no 
Size of Ball, more than 32 inches in circumference ; th 
limit of varial)leness shall not be more thai 
one-fourth of an inch in three diameters : i 
shall weigh not less than 18 nor more than 2( 
ounces. 

Sec. 2. The ball shall be tightly inflated am 
so laced that it cannot 1)e held by the laciiii: 
and otherwise in good condition. 
66 




BASKET BALL FOR WOMEN. 

Src. 3. The l)all made l,y A. (i. Spaldin<,. & 
Hros. sliall he, the official hall. Official halls 
will l)e stamped as herewith and will he- in 
sealed hoxcs. 



RULE TIT. 

I Section i. The -oals shall he hammock nets 00^^^ 
'f cord, suspended from metal rin-s iH inches 

II diameter (inside). The rin-s shall he 
^aced lo feet ahove the onnmd in the centre 
'f the short side of the actual plavin- liehl 

M inside nm shall extend h inches from the Si.e and locanon 
iirface of a Hat perpendicular screen or other '^^ ^^^"^^'^• 
:iRh1 surface measurin- at least 6 feet hori- 
ontally and 4 vertically. 1 f a screen is used 
I must not extend more than one foot helow 
jie upper ed.o-e of the i^im\. 
Sec. 2. The goals shall he ri.i^ndlv supported 
■om helow. There must l)e no ])rojections 
^yond the sides nor ahove the ui)per edoe of 
te goal. 

Sec. 3. The goal made hy A. (;. Spalding 
iJros. shall he the official goal. 

RULI^. TV. 

^Section i. Teams shall numher not less TKAMs. 
^an SIX nor more than nine memhers 



67 




ivi'Lh: w / 

EFERKE, two LIAIPIT^ES, a SCORER 



Si 



^S l^ASKFT HAT.T \OR WONtFN. 

TlMF.Kl-1-ri-K aiul four 1 INl-SMl'N: two 
from each toaiw. 

Kll 1- \ 1. 
RFFFRFF. SronoN 1. V\w KVVVKW u^ all oasos.^ 

Referee .uoutsulov. uuisi bo a thorou.clil.N .-omrctoui an.l un,unialr 
poison. 

SiA\ J. rUo Kl- I'l-Kl' I- shall bo oboson not 
huor than four da\s boforo ibo t^auio. 

1 <r,' " luM^^VO tbo 'MUIO bOL^iuS tUci 

AltevAtions \u rules >l-A . ,>. l»<.UMi uu ..^.v > 

about oroxuuls una R ]- b']- R 1" l" sluiU soo ibat ibo vo.culaiious re-. 

time. spooiui- tb,o ball. i;oal au.l -r.nuias avo a.lluMod 

to. r.v uunual a.i;rooniout oi ibo ^apiani-. the 

Rb'l-l- Kb' 1- luav allow ahoralu>us in tbo rulo^ 

roL;ar.huL; ^rounds au.l liino. but not \u -oah 

baUor toatus. Tbo K l-l-l" K l" 1- shall asooviairi 

boforo ibo ooumionoonuMH >>1 ibo -auio th<l 

ti, uo for bo-uuun-. or an\ oibor arran-ouioiits 

that havo boon uiado b\ iho rapiauis. 

Referee judges SlV. ,. Tbo K b' IT" K l" b' .ball bo lu.l^o 0. 

xvheu bail is in phu ^|^^. p.^n j R> shall /looulo w hou iho ball is U 

and Nvhcn -oal has ^^^^^^ ^^^ ^ houi i'. boloUL^-. aiul w bru a -o.il hai. 

been u\ade. , 

boon luauo. 

Sio. 5. I'bo K1"1"1-U1-1- shall approvoof thi 
runokoopor. Soorors aiul 1 inosuiou lu only 
t"our liours boforo ibo -auio bo.L^nis. 
lull, bow put in Si-v. (. Wboiiovor llio ball is put ni pla.N lH 

plav. lossui- 11 up ibr Kb-i'l-Kb- b- shall .lau.l so llui 

ho shall ihnnv ihr ball in a piano at n-ht an-l(l 
to tbo siclo linos. 



t;\ ;KFr ii \i i i m; womkn. 

Skc. ;. rilc K'l' i'l'.lx'l'l', sli.ill rail lime ullcn '■■'Minr, ■'linH-.- 
neci'ssaiy li\ Mowing; a wiiisllc. 

Smc. S. \(. |.la\,r |)iii ill,. (AI'IAIX .,!,;, || K. i, ■,,.•. ;.ll^ (..nl 

address an\ oHicial. Ilic K' !• !• I' k' !• I', shall call "" '''"'"' "'"' 

a foul lur vmlalion .il lliis inlr. -.|m.;,K.. (.. uiiMiuK. 

■'^'■'- <)■ 'l"I>'' InI'M'.K' I''.!': is lllc slipcilnr ..I Ciinnol mIum -I.M 1 
liciT (.f (lie L:;iinc and shall deride all (|iiesliniis '•'"" "f inn|.ii<s .., 
jIlOl delilllleK lallliii; |<. the 1 ' 1 1 1| .1 1 vs. hut he '"'<"'"""■ 
shall have 110 |)n\ver t(. allei a decision oj |he 
,Uni|)ircs Ml- Linesmen when it is in re;\iid In 
mailers under llieir j ni isdiet k m. 

•^' < • "»• \"i.\ h-ani i-eliisinL; to |)la\ within r. a (usinir 1,, 

iiiuX'f ininnles after reeeixiii;^ inst riict i< ins lo fl'i v I..1 («-iis (;;mi<-. 
[lo so fi.Mii the l\ h I' hk'h h, shall fmleit the 



Sit II. The Kh h Ivkhd'/S lenn nf ..jdee K, ■(,•.<•,■ I, M-. no 
liall (illl\ extend fldin the tune the ly.wwr he I'-'wci alUi [;iUMc. 
kins until it is e. .neluded, and his deeisimi 
awarding;- Ihe -aine iniisl then he .'iven. Mis 
lirisdirticn shall llieii end and he shall have no 
on-er anv i)nw( r 1.. act as K' h, h h" l\' j'.h:. 

Si( . iJ. Ihe K'h'hl'Kh'h: decides when a 
M)al has heeii made. ( k'ule \ | |. se, li.m 1. ) 

•"^x ■ i.v I'lils Ihe hall in |.la\. ( k'nle \||. 
cctKMis ^'. \ and 5. ) 

■"^i ' ■ I |. indicales the two plaxcis nearesi 
)all when time was called and wIki are t(. 
;tini|) for it when |.la\ is resunie.l. ( k'nic 
1*^1 L sectidii (.. ) 

Sia . 15. 'Jhrovvs hall ii|> when it is held hy 



7« 



BASKF.T V.M.I. FOR WOMEN. 

two or more ]ilayors for any lon.oih of time. .| 
(Rule XI I. seetiiMi y.) 

Skc. \(\ Awards point to c^]^posino- team i 
when i^-oal is toucheil. (Rule XII. section 12.) ) 

Sko. 1;. ?^Iakes decisions on Rule XII, sec- 
tion 14. 

Si:e. i8. Decides on viidatitMis of Rule XII, 

section 15. 

Sko. u). Disqualities for rouoh play. (Rule.^ 
XIT, section 2\.) 

'>v.c. 20. Blows whistle when hall goes out t 
of hounds. (Rule Xll, section 24, \d].) 

Sr.e. 21. Decides who touched hall first when 
it croes out of hounds. (Rule XII, section 24,LcJ-) > 
Duties of the Si:o. 22. Makes all decisions on vicdations of 
referee. j^^^j^. Xjj^ scCticMl 24 | j |. 

Sf.c. 23. Decides when player has held hall 
more than 5 seconds outside. (Rule XII. sec- 
tion 24 I i^'l.) 

Si:o. 24. Makes ilecisions when liall is 
l)ounced, etc.. to out o( hound. Rule XII. sec- 
ticMi 24 I a |.) 

Sec. 25. Decides when i;oals have lieen made 
accordino- to Rule XU, section 2^. 

Skc. 26. Decides whether hall was in tlie air 
when whistle sounded and whether i;oal counts. 
(Rule XII, section 20.) 

Si-A . 2y. ^\hen two or more officials hlovv^ 
their whistles simultaneously the referee de- 
cides which one shall take precedence. (Rule^ 
XII, section 2/.) 



BASKET RAM. FOR AVOMKN. 



71 



Sfx. 28. Decides whetlicr a o-oal thmwn by 
a team niakin,^- a foul ccnints. (Rule XII, 
section 28.) 

Sec. 29. Decides games won by default. 
(Rule XII, section 29.) 

Skc. 30. Decides when game has been won 
by default according to Rule XII, section 30. 
^i:c. 31. Announces the score of a defaulted 
or forfeited game. (Rule XII, section 31.) 
\ Sec. 7,2. Calls foul for derogatory remarks 
about officials. (Rule XII, section 33.) 

Sec. 33. Calls fouls for persistent intentional 
Relays. (Rule XTI, section 34.) 

! Sec. 34. Calls fouls when the tdlowing rules Referee calls fouls. 
are violated: Rule \'I, section 8; Rule XII, 
section 31 ; Rule XI, section 3. 



RULE VII. 
Section i. The UMPIRKS in all cases umpires. 
must be thoroughly competent and impartial 
persons. They shall be chosen one by each 
:eam. 

Sec. 2. The UMPIRE shall be judge of the Umpire calls fouls 
flayers, shall make decisions and call fouls as 
follows: UMPIRES call fouls for violations 
)f Rule XII, sections 3, 17. 18, 19, 20, 21, 24 
'0, 3^^ 37^ 38, 39, 40, 4T. ' ,, . 

Sec. 3. The UMPIRES shall make their ^^^rrrj^ 



Umpires, out: 



f. . . . -juestion each 

lecisions mdependently of each other, and a other's decisions 



-2 BASKET r>\ll VOK WOMVN. 

foul cailoa by one shall not bo quest unu\l by • 

the other. 

Whistle MoNvn Sko. 4. W'houover a foul is niaao the TM-- 

on foul. riRb^. ealliuL; it shall blow a whistle, an^ iudi- ■ 

eate the otYeiuler. ami atutounee the nature oft 

the foul, so that both the otVender aiul the, 

Seorer ean hear it. 

Rri.b:\iii. 

srORKR. SrorioN 1. bhe SrORl-.K shall be a^p^^int- 
ed by the Referee. 
Scorers must notify Sko. J. Me shall notif\ the Referee when a 
referee about dis- pj-^yer shouUl be aisqualifiea. aeeordiui^' to Rule 
.jualifying player. .^^^ ^ ^^^^,^^^^^^ _, ^ 

Rill- l\. 
TIMEKEKrKK. Sko iioN I. A T 1 M KK l' l' Rl'R shall be ap- 
pointed by the Referee. 

Sko. J. Ho -hall note when the i;aine starts.^ 
lie shall blow his whistle at the exinration of 
fifteen, minutes' aetual pla\ in- time in eaehl 
half, or the amount oi time a.^reed upon previ- 
(Hisly bv eaptains aiul referee, aeeonhn^;- lo> 
Rule Xll. seetion o. 
Timeout ou Sko. ^^ Time eousumea bv stoppa-es cluring- 

referee's order. ^\^^. oame shall bo doduotod only on ortlor of the 

re to roe. 

RTl.l^ \. 

LTNESMKX. S.-OTioN I. Tho LlNb:SMb:N shall he ap- 
pointed by the referee. 



HASKKf l',A(t, lOI' WOMt'N. 73 

S),<. J. 'IImic sliall he lour IJ \ I'.SAl I'.X ; 
two from c'K li siflc 

Si.(. :]. The I.I.\I<:SMJ^:\ shall slaiHl at flic I'o.i.ionof 
four ciifls of flic f'icM lines. 'I'licir particular li'";s"";n. 
places sliall Ijc ^iveii fliciii 1)\' tlic referee. 

.Sl.( . 4. '1 lie M \I':S.\11''.\ shall he jiul^^es r>f Linesmen call line 

fouls made hy ste]jjjiii^'- on or crossing over the ^'>^^^^' 
fit'hl lines, anrl shall call such fonls. 

KM IJ-: XI. 

Sicc'iiox I. CAI'T/MNS shall he iiiflicaterl CAI'TAJNS. 
by cacli side; i>revious [o the commencement of 
a match ; they must he jjlayers in the match. 

Skc. 2. 'I"he CAI'TAIXS shall he the repre- 
sentatives of their resjjcctive teams. 

Si:r. 3. 'J'lu; CAP'I'AIXS sliall toss for Captains speak to 
choice (;f ^'■oals and he entitlcfl to call the at- offujials. 
tentif;n of the officials to any vifjlation of the 
rules vvhi( h tli<\ think has ])een maHe. The 
Referee shall a]j];ly Rule Xll, section 33, tfj 
the Captains' coiHlnct when necessary. 

Skc:. 4, I'efore the commencc-ment of a 
match each CATTALX shall furnish the scrjrer 
with a list of his team with their jjositions. 

RCLh: XII. 
Si:('rioN I. A ^oal made from the fjcM shall the GAME, 
count J points; a ^oal made from a foul shall 
count as i jjoint ; a j^oal thrown shall count Scoririfr of goals. 
for the sicl(; into whose- ^oal the hall is thrown, 
even though it was done hy mistake. 



74 

r.all. how and when 
inilinplayaUcntre. 
Centre to he con- 
spicuously marked. 



llall to be touched 
tirst hy centres in- 
dicated to the 
umpires. 



Two fouls on oppo- 
site sides played in 
succession. 



After "time" ball 
goes up at spot 
where it was when 
time was called, 
except when it wa^ 
outside. 



Two opponents 
nearest to touch 
the ball. 



liASKF.T HAl.i. I'-OK WOMEN. 

Ska-. ->. riio K1^1^^1<:K1':1^ slmll put the l)all 
in plav l>v Ic.ssiiiL; il up to a greater hciolu 
than cither oi the centres can feaeh l)y juniiHno^,j 
in a plane at ri-ht an-les to the side lines, sol 
that It will (Iroi) near the centre of the field,! 
which shall he indicated hv a conspicuous mark.. 
This is to he done at the openino- of the ganie,; 
at the heo-innini;- of the second half and after; 

' Sec. 3. After the REFEREE puts the ball 
in plav^in the centre, it must be first touched 
l,y one of the centres, who shall have beer 
previously indicated to the TMITRES. Th( 
UMPIRES shall call a foul for violation of this 
rule. Both players may jump for the ball. 

Sec. 4. When two fouls at once, on opposit( 
sides, are called, they should be thrown in sue 
cession. The ball should then be put in pla^ ii 
the centre. 

Sec. 5. After time has been called th 1 
Rh:FEREE shall put the ball in play by tossiii: 
it np in such a manner that it will drop nea 
the spot where it was when time was callei 
nnless it was held out of bounds. In this ca> 
play shall b,e resumed at the whistle of th 
REFEREl^. as if time had not been callec 
(Rule VI, section (>: also Rule XTI, section 6. 
Sec. 6. The two oppoiK'nls nearest this spc 
when time was called shall be the first to touc 
the ball after play is resumed. They shall b 



BASKET HALL l<OR WOMKN. 75 

indicated by the REFEREE. If, however, the 
ball is held in tie between the centre and for- 
ward or .^-iiard (/. r.. over the field line J, the 
ball shall be t(jssed up between the centre and 
her centre o|)])onent indicated by the REF- 
EREE. 

Si<:c. 7. When the ball is held by two or Held ball. 

more players for any length of time the 

REFEREE shall blow his whistle, stop the play 

l^nd throw the 1)all up from where it was held. 

(Rule VI, section 6; alsfj Rule XII, section 6.) 

Skc. 8. Whenever the ball is put in play the piayers who "jump" 
players who are to first touch the ball must not for ball must stand 
stand further than two feet from the spot where ^^i^h forward feet 
the ball is to fall. twenty-four inches 

Si':c. 9. A game must be decided by the win- 
ning of the most points in thirty minutes play- 
ing time, or the amount of time agreed upon 
previously by CAPTAINS and REFEREE, 
except in case of a tie. 

Sec. 10. In case of a tie the game shall con- Requires two points 
tinue (without exchange of goals) until to win in case of tie. 
either side has made 2 additional points. The 
goals may be made either from field or foul 
line, the team first scoring 2 points wins. 

Skc. II. The game shall consist of two Time of halves, 
halves of fifteen minutes each, with a rest of 
ten minutes l)etween the halves. This is the 
time of actual play. These times may be 
changed by agreement of CAPTAINS and 
REFEREE. 



76 



BASKET 15ALL FOR AVOMEN, 



Goa» mined by 
opponent. 



Free throw mark. 



Thrower must not 
cross mark. 



Ball to be thrown 
at basket. 



Six-foot lane for 
players. Penalty 
for crossing line 
before ball reaches 
basket. 



Ska'. 12. If the i^'oal is moved by an oppo- 
nent when tlie \rd\\ is on tlu- edge of it, the 
REFEREE shall award i point to c^pposini;- 
team. 

Ska . 13. The teams shall ehan<;e goals at tlie 
end of the tirst half. 

Six". 14. A\'hen a foul has been made the op- 
])osite side shall have a free throw for the goal 
at a distanee of fifteen feet from a point on the 
lloor direetly beneath the centre of the goal, 
measuring towards the opposite goal. The play- 
er having a free tluAnv shall not cross the hf- 
teen-foot line until the ball has entered or 
missed the goal. If this rule is violated, a goal, 
if made, shall not be scored, and, if missed, the 
ball shall be dead and put in play in the centre. 
The ball cannot be thrown to any person, but 
must be thrown at the basket. The REFEREE 
makes the decisions for violations of this rule. 

Si-A-. 15. No ]:)layer shall stand nearer than 
six feet to the thrower, nor in a lane six feet 
wide ivoiu the thrower to the goal, nor inter- 
fere with the ball until after it reaches the goal. 
The player shall not be interfered with in any 
way whatever, either by players or spectators. 
If this rule is violated by one of the opposite 
team, and a gtial is not made, she shall have 
another free throw. If violated by one of her 
own team, or by players of both teams and a 
o-oal is made, it shall not count, and whether 



MASK K I KAI.I. lOK VVoMKN. 



77 



iiiiss('<l ni" made, the hall shall he ihrovvii np in 
llir (■(•nlrc. It ihc i;«>.'il is iiol made and no 
lilies ha\'(' hccn violah'd the hall shall he in 
|)la\. The players niiisl slay hack of ihe line 
iiiilil llie hall has eiilere(l or missed llie J^oal. 
The l\ I'd* I'.l\ l'.l\ makes the decisions for viola- 
tion ol' this rule. 

Si:( . \(). I he hall ma\ he thiowii or hailed 
in an\ direclion with one oi- hoth hands. 

SiJ . 17. d'he hall shall not he kicke(l or K i(:l^in},' or iisinf^ 
Struck with Ihe lists. The I'MI'IKh: shall call ''^'^ '"'' -'ili'-wcl. 
a fold for violation of this rule. 

Si;( . iS. A plaxcr shall not carry ihe hall iJail 11..1. 10 be 
while in hounds. She must j)lav it from the *-•'^"■"-■''• 
spot on which she cat(dies it. A player while ^ 

lioldiniL;- the hall may not move more than one 
foot, 'ihis shall not Ix- interpreted as interfer- 
ini;- with a person's turning- arcnind without 
niakino pro-ress. The UiMIMKl^: sliall call a 
foul for violation of this ride. 

Si:( . \(). When a hall has heen cau,L;hl with r.all shall not 1)c; 
both hands it shall not he hounded (.n ihe lloor I'onnded more than 
more than three times, and that at least knee """^'^ ^i"""^ "'"• 

... 1 • 1 1 11, , lower lliaii knee 

lieij^hl, until It has heen touched h\ some other ], .j ,1 , 

player, dhis does not interfere with her ihrow- 

iniL;' for i;oal twice or more in successicju, even 

if no other ])layi'r touches it hetween times. 

Ihe I'MIMKh: shall call a h)ul for violation 

of this rule. 

Si:<". 20. There shall he no tackliuL; or hold- I l<^l<liIl^^ etc. 



78 



BASKET BALL FOR WOMEN. 



Roughness will 
disqualify. 



Substitute allowed 
for disqualified 
player. 

Five minutes for 
" time." 



ing or pushing of an opponent. The arms 
shall not be used in any way to interfere with 
the progress of a player who has not the ball. 
Grasping the clothing or person of a player 
with the hands or putting one or both arms 
about a player shall be called holding. The 
UMPIRE shall call a foul for violation of this 
rule. 

Sec. 21. There shall be no shouldering, trip- 
ping, striking, kicking, hacking or intentional 
or unnecessary roughness of any kind. Vio- 
lation of this rule constitutes a foul, and the 
REFEREE may, for the first offence, and 
shall for the second offence, disqualify the of- 
fender, for that game and for such further pe- 
riod as the committee in charge shall determine. 
A foul is a violation of the rules, whether com- 
mitted unintentionally, ignorantly or otherwise. 
The fact that a foul is made is the only guide 
for the officials in calling the same. The UM- 
PIRE shall call a foul for violation of this rule. 
The REFEREE has power to disqualify for 
violation of this rule whether foul was called 
or not. 

Sec. 22. A SUBSTITUTE shall be allowed 
for a player who has been disqualified, and the 
foul made by her shall be counted. 

Sec. 23. Whenever, because of sickness or 
accident to a player, it becomes necessary for 
the REFEREE to call "time," play must be re- 



BASKET BALL FOR WOjMEN. ^g 

siinicd in five minutes. If the injured player 
is unable to resume play hy that time a SUB- 
STITUTE shall take her place, or the game 
start at once without her. If it becomes neces- 
sary for any other reason than sickness or in- Players to be 
jury to change players it can only be done be- ^l^anged between 
tween halves, and onlv after the REFEREE ^'^^''^^ ^''^^' ^^^^Pt 
and SCORER have' been notified. Anv ^^^ f^.^^ ^^ ^'^^"-^ 

1 111 - OJ" injury. 

s:oals made by the team violating this rule shall 
not be counted, but this shall not afifect the 
score of the other team. A player once re- A player once re- 
moved from the game cannot play again during "^o^ed cannot play 
that game. ' " again. 

Sec. 24. The ball is out of bounds only when Ball out of bounds. 
it has completely crossed the line. 

(a) When the ball is batted, rolled, bounced, 
passed, etc., from the field of play and remains 
out of bounds, the REFEREE shall give it to 
the opponent. 

(b) In case of a doubt in the mind of the 
REFEREE as to which player touched it last, 
it shall be given to the first player touching it 
outside. 

(c) In case of a doubt in the mind of the 
REFEREE as to which player first touched 
the ball outside, he shall toss it up inside the 

! field of play on a line with the spot where it 
left the field of plav. 

(d) When the hall goes out of bounds and f'!!' ' '!,";"^ '" "•"'' 

,, , . irom outside is in 

rolls or bounce^ in again, play shall continue, play. 



80 BASKEl^ BAT.I, FOR WOMEN. 



even though a placer may have touched it when 
out of bounds ; except if the whistle of the 
REFEREE is blown, the ball shall then be put 
in play as though it had not returned to the 
field of play. 

(c) When it is passed to a player out of 
bounds the REFEREE shall give it to the op- 
ponent at the spot where it left the field of 
play. 

(/) The ball shall not be carried from the 
field of play. The UMPIRE shall call a foul 
for violation of this rule. (Rule XII, section 
i8.) 

( o) A player is allowed five seconds to hold 
the ball out of bounds, and if she holds it 
longer it shall be given to her opponent bv the 
REFEREE. 

(h) When the REFEREE is tossing the ball 
up between two players and one of them bats 
it out of bounds, it shall be given to the op- 
ponent where it left the field of play. 

(/) The ball may be thrown in any direc- 
tion into the field of play, from any spot (out- 
side of bounds) on a line drawii at right 
angles to the boundary line at the spot where 
the ball crossed it. The ball must be throzvn, 
not rolled, into the field of play, and must be 
played by some other player before the player 
who passed it in can play it. 

When either of these rules are violated the 



RASKEr RALI. FOR WOMEN. 8l 

REFEREE shall i^ivc the ball to the opponent 
at the same spot. 

(/) There shall be no interfering with the 
player vvho is returning the ball : that is, no 
part of the person of her opponent shall be 
outside of the field of play ; the opponent shall 
not touch the ball until it has crossed the line. 
If either of these rules is violated the REF- 
EREE shall return the ball to the player who 
had it and have it again put in play at the 
original place. 

Sec, 25. When a player makes a throw for Goal from outside. 
goal and the REFEREE decides that part of 
her person was out of bounds the referee shall 
put the ball in play in the centre of the field 
of play. If a goal is made it shall be declared 
no score. 

Sec. 26. If a player throws for the goal and Goal counts if 
the REFEREE decides the ball was in the air whistle is blown 
when the whistle of the REFEREE, UM- when ball is in 
PIRE, TIMEKEEPER or LINESMEN '^'^ ^''■• 
sounded, and the throw results in a goal, it 
shall count. 

Sec. 2']. When the UIM FIRE'S whistle Referee decides 
sounds simultaneouslv with either the REF- whose whistle takes 

EREE'S, TIMEKEEPER'S or LINES- Precedence. 

MAN'S, the REFEREE shall decide whose 
is to take precedence. 

Sec. 28. The REFEREE shall decide that a Goals affected by 
goal thrown before the whistle can be blown for fouls. 



82 



BASKET BALL FOR WOMEN. 



Winning by default. 



When neither team 
is ready. 



Penalty for default- 
ing or forfeiting a 
game. 

Protesting of deci- 
sions of officials. 



Derogatory remarks 
about officials. 



a foul made by the team tlirowing- it shall not 
count, but if a player while throwing for the 
goal is fouled by an opponent and succeeds in 
scoring, both shall be counted. 

Sec. 29. If only one team puts in an appear- 
ance at the appointed time, the REFEREE 
shall announce that the team complying with 
the terms agreed upon shall be declared the 
winner of the game by default. - (Rule XII, 
section 31.) 

Sp:c. 30. When it happens, however, that 
neither team is ready to begin playing at the 
hour appointed for the game, the team which 
completes its number first cannot claim a de- 
fault from its opponent. The latter shall be en- 
titled to fifteen minutes' additional time, and if 
then unable to present a full team shall be 
obliged to play short-handed or forfeit the 
game. The REFEREE shall be the authority 
on this rule. 

Sec. 31. The REFEREE shall announce a 
team defaulting or forfeiting a game the loser 
by a score of 2 to o. ' 

Sec. 2)-- There shall be no protests against 
the decisions of the officials except in regard 
to interpretation of rules. 

Sec. 33. Any remarks on the part of a player 
during the progress of the game derogatory 
in any way to the officials shall be called a foul 
by the REFEREE. 



BASKET BALL FOR WOMEN. 8l 

Sec. 34. Any persistent intentional delay of intentional delay 
the game shall be counted as a foul against " ga"ie. 
the team so delaying. The REFEREE shall 
call this foul. 

Sec. 35. Two hands on a ball are necessary Player must have 
to secure it. In case of doubt in the mind of ^^^^^ hands on ball 
the REFEREE as to which player first put her '° """"'^ ^^• 
two hands on the ball, he shall toss it up at 
the spot where it was held by the players. 

Sec. 36. In no case may a player remove the SNATCHING or 
ball from the hands of an opposing player, I^ATTING ball 

• ,i 1 , / • 1 j.±- v 'T-i TTi\r from an opponent's 

either by snafc/iun:: or batting it. the UlM- , , ^„ 

T.-r^T-i irir -i- r ^' hands not allowed. 

PIRE shall call a foul for violation of this 
rule. 

Sec. 37. The ball may not be held longer Ball held three 
than three seconds. seconds only. 

Sec. 38. The ball may not be "juggled;" 
/. r., tossed into the air and caught again to 
evade holding. 

Sec. 39. Touching the field line or the ground Field lines may nut 
beyond with any part of the body constitutes a ^^ touched. 
foul. (This does not debar a player from 
leaning or reaching over the field line.) 

Sec. 40. No guarding may be done over the No guarding over 
opponent's person when she has the ball. opponent's person. 

Sec. 41. Xo player may hand the ball to 
another player. The ball must be thrown to 
another player. 

RULE XII 1. 

Section i. All fouls shall be called bv the FOULS. 



84 KASKET IJALL FOR WOMEN. 



UMPIRE, except as provided in Rule VI, sec- 
tion 8, and Rule XII, sections 33 and 34. 

Sec. 2. Fouls are classified according to 
their penalties, as follows : 

Gc}icral. 

1. Players addressing officials (Rule VI, sec- 
tion 8). 

2. Touching the ball in centre (Rule XII, 
section 3). 

3. Kicking or striking ball (Rule XII, sec- 
tion 17 ). 

4. Carrying l:)all (Rule XII, sections 18 and 

24 [f]). ■ ^ 

5. Bouncing the ball more than three times 
or lower than the knee. (Rule XII, section 

19). 

6. Holding more than three seconds. (Rule 
XII, section 37.) 

7. Delaying game. (Rule XII, section 34.) 

8. Tackling, holding, pushing opponents. 
(Rule XII, section 20.) 

9. Snatching or batting ball from hands of 
an opponent. (Rule XII, section 36.) 

10. Juggling. (Rule XII, section 38.) 

11. Touching the field line with any part 
of the body. (Rule XII, section 39.) 

12. Guarding over an opponent's person. 
(Rule XII, section 40.) 

13. Handing the ball to another player. 
(Rule XII, section 41.) 



BASKET BALL FOR WOMEN. 8$ 

Spcciiic. 

Fouls for which Players may be Disqualified. 

1. Striking. 

2. Kicking. 

3. Shouldering. 

4. Tripping. 

5. Hacking. 

6. Unnecessary rough play. (Rule XII, 
section 21.) 

Officials are expected to be as strict as pos- Officials to be strict 

sible. In all cases not covered by these rules and to go by spirit 

officials are to use their own judgment, in ^f rules. 

accord with the general spirit of the rules. 
All questions pertaining to the interpretation 

of these rules may be referred to any one of the 
■ members of the committee : 

Miss Elizabeth Wright, Radcliffe College, 
Cambridge, Mass. 

Miss Ethel Perrin, Boston Normal School of 
Gymnastics, Huntington Avenue, Boston, 
Mass. 

Doctor Alice Snyder, University of Michi- 
gan, Ann Arbor, Mich. 

Miss Senda Berenson, Smith College, North- 
ampton, Mass. 



85 



BASKET BALL FOR WOMKN. 



GOAL 



6 

GOAL 



Diagram of Field, Shov.ing Position of Six on Team 



BASKET BALL FOR WOMEN. 



S7 



m 



GOAL 



6 



7 

GOAL 



Diagram of Field, Showing Position of Seven on leam 



88 



BASKET IJALL FOR WOMEN. 





1 






GOAL 
1 




2 




3 


4 


5 








6 


7 


8 

GOAL] 





Diagram of Field, Showing Position of Eight on Team 



BASKET BALL FOR WOMEN. 



89 





#% 

%# 








GOAL 








' 






2 




3 




4 


5 


6 




7 


9 

GOAL 


8 






'T 







Diagram of Field, Showing Position of Nine on Team 



si m "% a.% _ ^M 




hI 




^ JNI^^H 


1- ^--^ ,:. 

— -■ 4 
— ■ '•; i - ■ 

.= ■■■^%: 


vK^^^^^^^H 




f 




-i 

OJ 






H 




Ball Thrown UP . 




Thef- Tnf^ow fOK QoAu 




]EE Throw Foa (hoal 



THE FINEST EOUIPPED GYMNASIUM 
IN THE WORLD 

The progress made in the manufacture and the mechanical perfection of the 
various gymnastic apphances shown in the complete gymnasium installed by 
A. G. Spalding & Bros, at the World's Fair, demonstrated that the firm is alive 
to the imperative need of the times. Physical training is being rapidly advanced 
and in the congested sections of the country it is a growing problem how to pro- 
vide for the new conditions. This is particularly true in public school work and 
similar institutions. Real estate in large cities is extremely valuable, and as a 
consequence, gymnasiums are often reduced in size and wholly inadequate to 
the growing needs. This means that the apparatus of the past of a fixed or 
cumbersome character must be superseded by appliances that may be rapidly 
and conveniently handled in a manner to accommodate the constantly increasing 
number of boys and girls needing systematic physical development. 

A. G. Spalding & Bros., who outfitted the complete gymnasium at the World's 
Fair and received the Grand Prize and Gold Medal in competition for their ex- 
hibit, are to be congratulated on their enterprise. 

The following pages are devoted to a few cuts of the gymnasium referred to, 
and also a complete list of the apparatus installed. 

LIST OF APPARATUS INSTALLED 
20 No. OR Robert Reach Triplicate 

Chest Machines. 
20 Special Rowing Attachments. 
1 New Style Spalding Wrist Roll. 

1 No. 50A Quarter Circle. 
25 Sections Bar Stalls. 
25 Bar Stall Benches. 

2 No. 200 Neily Patent Bom. 
6 Bar Saddles. [and Vaulting Bars. 

3 Special Combination Horizontal 
1 Suspended Horizontal Bar — to 

swing up — Special. 
1 No. 83 Low Parallel. 
3 New Style Spalding Parallel 

Bars — Special. 
3 No. 25 Jump Boards. 
3 No. Vaulting Horses. 
3 Pairs Special Jump Stands. 
3 Grasshopper Spring Boards. 
3 No. 520 Storming Boards. 
1 No. 207 Vaulting Box. 
1 No. 28 Incline Board. 
3 Pairs No. 125 Flying Rings. 
8 No. 126 Traveling Rings. 
12 No. 98 Climbing Ropes. 
1 40-ft. Ladder and Braces. 

1 Horizontal Window Ladder. 

2 Vertical Window Ladders. 

2 Striking Bag Discs and Bags. 
11 5 ft. X 10-ft. X 2-in. Mats. 

3 5-ft. X 6-ft. X 2-in. Mats. 
3 3-ft. X 10-ft. X 2-in. Mats. 
3 3-ft. X 5-ft. X 2-in. Mats. 

1 Tumbling Mattress — 5 ft. x 15 

ft. X 8 in., curled hair. 

2 Pairs Official Basket Ball Goals. 
2 Pairs Official Screens for Basket 

Ball Goals. 
2 No. M Officinl Basket Balls. 
2 No. 1 Medicin.' Balls. 
2 No. 2 M.'dic'inv P.alls. 
2 No. 3 Medicine Balls. 



IN WORLD'S FAIR GYMNASIUM. 
6 Medicine Ball Racks. 
50 Pairs 1-2-lb. Model Dumb Belli. 
50 Pairs 1-lb. Model Dumb Bella. 
50 Pairs 1-lb. Indian Clubs. 
50 Pairs 1 1-2-lb. Indian Clubs. 
200 Pairs Club and Bell Hangers, on 
stands. 
4 Dozen Wands. 
4 Dozen. Bar Bells. 
2 Wand Racks. 
4 Dozen Savage Bar Bells. 
8 Dozen Hangers for Bar Bella. 
20 Head Gears. 
20 I'oot Gears. 

1 Set Ring Hockey. 

2 Sets Rope Quoits. 

50 Bean Bags and Cabinet. 

2 Sets Shuffleboard. 
50 Rul>]ier I'.alls and Cabinet. 

4 8-ft. Jump Ropes. 

4 20-ft. Jump Ropes. 

1 Volley Ball Outfit. 

4 Jump Frames. 
50 Nickel Wands. 

1 Wand Calnnet mounted on rollera 
for nickeled wands. 

1 Game Cabinet. 
50 Grace Hoops. 

2 Grace Hoop Racks. 

1 Pair Physician's Scales. 

1 Stadiometer. feter. 

1 Chest, Back and Loin Dynamom- 

1 Chinning Bar. 

1 Pair Wall Parallels. 

1 Chin Gauge. 

1 Wet Spirometer. 

1 Dozen Glass Mouth Pieces. 

1 Pair Chest Calipers. 

1 Pair Shoulder Calipers. 

1 Spirometer — shelf. 

1 Dynamometer for Grip. 




'"MSss:is#«iisi 




.No. 4 — Shows a (.■Diiibiiied horizoiilal and vaulting bar of entirely 
new construction. The bars are suspended by overhead guys 
and these guys are tightened and the bar drawn into position 
at the floor by the use of one lever on eacli upright. The prin- 
ciple is radically new. and is certainly most successfully ap- 
plied. The bar requires only two floor plates and two points 
of attachment at the floor, eliminating the spread of guys, thereby 
saving floor space and greatly facilitating the handling of the 
apparatus in clearing the floor for other work. 




ia. l^i-^^'l^'V'^'' "" ^'•'"', "^ parallel bars, the desi-n of which 
was particularly commended by the entire body ot Turn Verein 
representatives who used them in the Olympic gymnastic con- 



SPECIAL AWARD ANo (RAND PMZE 



were won by A. G. SPALDING & BROS, at the Louisiana Purchase Expo- 
sition, 1904, for the best, most complete and most attractive installation of 
Gymnastic Apparatus and Athletic Supplies show.i at the World's Fair. 



(f^'- 



DURAND LOCKERS 



WERE USED EXCLUSIVELY IN THE GYMNASIUM 
OF THE PHYSICAL CULTURE DEPARTMENT 
AT THE WORLD'S FAIR AND RECEIVED THE 

GRAND PRIZE 

rOR BEING THE BEST, MOST COMPLETE AND 
SERVICEABLE LOCKER MADE 



DURAND LOCKER CO. 



Chicago, 111. 



-S\ 




V 



JJ 



SPECIAL AWARD >nd (RAND PRIZE 

were won by A. G. SPALDING & BROS, at the Louisiana Purchase Expo- 
sition, 1904, for the best, most complete and most attractive installation of 
Gymnastic Apparatus and Athletic Supplies shown at the World's Fair. 



Spalding Gymnasium Shoes 



Horsehide sole; soft 
and flexible; in la- 
dies' and men's 

sizes. 
No. 155. Pair, $3.50 

Kangaroo; elkskin 

sole, extra light, hand 

made. 

No. 15. Pair, $4.00 





High cut, best grade 
canvas shoe, white 
rubber sole ; in ladies ' 
and men's sizes; 
men's made of white 
canvas, ladies' black. 
No. IH. Pair, $1.50 

High cut canvas 
shoe, rubber sole. 

No. M. Pair, $1.00 



A. C. SPALDING & BROS. 

New York Chicago St. Louis Washington San Francisco 

Boston Minneapolis Baltimore Kansas City New Orleans 

Buffalo Philadelphia Denver Pittsburg Syracuse 

Cincinnati Montreal, Can. London, England 



SPECIU AWARD an» GRAND PRIZE 

were won by A. G. SPALDING & BROS, at the Louisiana Purchase Expo- 
sition, 1904, for the best, most complete and most attractive installation of 
Gymnastic Apparatus and Athletic Supplies shown at the World's Fair. 



BASKET BALL SHOE 




Made of selected leather with special rubber sole. 
The suction caused by the peculiar construction of 
the sole enables the player to obtain a good purchase 
on the floor, a feature that should make this shoe 
very popular with basket ball players. 

No. BB. Per pair, 4.00 

For ladies; otherwise same as No. BB. 

No. BBL. Per pair, S3.50 



A. C. SPALDING Sl BROS. 



New York 

Boston 

Buffalo 



Cincinnati 



Chicago 

Minneapolis 

Philadelphia 



St. Louis 
Baltimore 
Denver 
Montreal, Can. 



Washing-ton San Francisco 

Kansas City New Orleans 

Pittsburg Syracuse 

London, England 




athletic contests the implements and ^^^V^f 
apparatus must conform to the official rules ^^B Vni 
as laid down by the governing bodies of the ^"^ * '' 
various sports, the object being to enable all contestants t?; 
pete under uniform conditions and with the same kind of an; j 
ment, for a record in any sport will not be allowed un 
official implement is used. That is why Spalding imp ( 
are always selected, because they never vary in wei 
measurement, but invariably conform to the rules. . 




■•■^^ 









The above illustration ho > ^ the ^"i^uiuai ^t l le ; 1 
field was pronounced by experts to be the most perfectl q 
designed and equipped by A. G. Spalding & Bros. In 
Bros, with a gymnasium exhibit that was pronounced a i 




\L 



THE officials of the Louisiana Purchase 
Exposition, recognizing the importance 
of the OLYMPIC GAMES and the value of 
)hing authentic Olympic records, selected Spalding Athletic 
uents for exclusive offcial use in connection with the 
310 Games (held in the Stadium of the Exposition, from 
r) November) because of their acknowledged superiority, 
Ity and official standing. For over a quarter of a century 
;; Spalding & Bros.* implements have been officially used. 



1.1 , in which the Olympic Games of 1904 were held. The 
lOi athletic plant ever constructed. The entire field was 
i ;he Model Gymnasium, equipped by A. G. Spalding <!&■ 
p< s and the International Jury. 





Special Award and Grand Prize 

were won by A. G SPALDING & BROS, at the Louisiana Purchase Expo- 
sition, 1904, for the best, most complete and most attractive installation of 
Gymnastic Apparatus and Athletic Supplies shown at the World's Fair. 




Special Award and Grand Prize 

were won by A. G SPALDING & BROS, at the Louisiana Purchase Expo- 
sition, 1904, for the best, most complete and most attractive installation of 
Gymnastic Apparatus and Athletic Supplies shown at the World's Fair. 




The SpaMing "ladles' 
Oflieial" No. ML 

Same quality material and 
workmanship as in our No. 
M "Official" Ball, but 
slighdy smaller in size. 
Games played by ladies with 
this ball are recognized as 
"official." 

NO. ML. Each, $4.50 




The Spalding 
"Special NO. r* 

Fine English pebble grain 
leather case. The bladder 
of the purest Para rubber 
and guaranteed. Each ball 
complete in sealed box. 

NO. E. Eacii»$5.oo 



The Spalding ''Practice No. I5'' 

Good quality leather cover; regulation size. Each ball com- 
plete in box with bladder. 

NO. 15. Each, $2.00 

Spalding's handsomely illustrated catalogue of athletic goods 
mailed free to any address. 



A. C. SPALDING & BROS. 

New York Chicago St. Louis Washington San Francisco 

Boston Minneapolis Baltimore Kansas City Montreal, Can. 

Buffalo Philadelphia Denver Pittsburg London, England 



Special Award and Grand Prize 

were won by A. G SPALDING & BROS, at the Louisiana Purchase Expo- 
sition, 1904, for the best, most complete and most attractive installation of 
G>'mnastic Apparatus and Athletic Supplies shown at the World's Fail". 




Spaldin2:'5 ^'Official" Basket Ball Goals 

Orficially adopted and must be 
used in all match games. We 
I rX- t«s^!^iJ!^2»ftJW«^ '^^"^ equipping our basket ball 
goals now with nets constructed 
so that the bottom may be left 
open in practice games to permit 
the ball to drop through. The 
opening is closed readily by a draw string for match 
games. 

No. 80. Per pair, $4.00 



Outdoor Goals 

Outdoor Basket Ball Goals, Up- 
rights and "Net Frame. Designed 
for lawns, school yards, outdoor 
gymnasiums and playgrounds. 
Everything complete for setting up. 

No. 160. Per pair, $30.00 




Thumb Protector 




A substantial sup- 
port that phiyers 
will appreciate. 

No. T. Each, 50c. 



Handsomely illustrated catalogue mailed free to any address. 



A. C. SPALDING &, BROS. 



New York 
Boston 
St. Louis 



Chicago 

Kalliiiiore 

Minneapolis 



Philadelphia 

Buffalo 

Denver 



San Francisco 
Kansas City 
Montreal, Can. 



London, England 



Special Award and Grand Prize 

were won by A. G SPALDING & BROS, at the Louisiana Purchase Expo- 
sition, 1904, for the best, most complete and most attractive insUiliation of 
Gymnastic Apparatus and Athletic Supplies shown at the World's Fair. 




Volley Ball 



Is pre-eminently titled for the gym- 
nasium or the exercise hall, but 
may be played out of doors by 
any number of persons. The play 
consists of keeping the ball in 
motion over a high net, from one 
side to the other, thus partaking 
of the character of two games— tennis and hand ball. 
Made of white leather. Constructed with capless ends 
and furnished with pure gum guaranteed bladder. 
No. V. Regulation size; best quality. Each, $4.00 



No. W. Regulation size; good quality. 



2.50 



Volley Ball Net and Standards 




Volley Ball Standards, 7 ft. 
Complete with net, $7.00 



A. G. SPALDING Sl BROS. 



New York 
Boston 
St. Louis 



Chicago 

Baltimore 

Minneapolis 



Pliiladolphia 

P.uffalo 

Denver 



San Francisco 
Kansas City 
Montreal, Can, 



London, England 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY 

PRICE TEN CENTS PER COPY 



No. 12-Association Foot Ball 

Contains valuable information, diagi-ams of play, and rules for both 
the Gaelic and Association styles of play. Price 10 cents. 

No. 13-How to Play Hand Ball 

By the world's cliampion, Michael Egan. of Jersey City. This book has 
been rewritten and brought up to date in every particular. Every 
play is thoroughly explained by text and diagram. The numerous illus- 
trations consist of full pages made from photographs of Champion 
Egan, showing him in all his characteristic attitudes when playing. 
These pictures were made exclusively for this bo<.ik and cannot be found 
in any other publication. This is undoubtedly the best work on hand ball 
ever published. Price 10 cents. 

No. 14-Curling 

History of the sport; diagram of "curling rink; rules for curling; dia- 
grams of play. Price 10 cents. 

No. 23-Canoelng 

By C. Bo\\'>-er Vaux. Paddling, sailing, cruising and racing canoes 
and their uses; canoeing and camping; paddhng; sailing; racing regula- 
tions. Price 10 cents. 

No. 27-College Athletics 

M. C. Murphy, the well-known athletic trainer, now with Yale Uni- 
versity, the author of this book, has written it especially for the school- 
boy and college man. but it is invaluable for the athlete who wishes to 
excel in any branch of athletic sport. The subjects comprise the fol- 
lowing articles: Training, starting, sprinting; how to train for the quar- 
ter, half, mile and longer distances; walking; high and broad jumping; 
hurdling; pole vaulting; putting the shot; throwing the hammer. Illus- 
trated with pictures of leading college athletes. Price 10 cents. 

No. 29-Exercising With Pulley Weights 

By Dr. Henry S. Anderson, instructor in heavy gymnastics Yale gym- 
nasium, Anderson Normal School, Chautauqua University. In conjunc- 
tion with a chest machine anyone with this book can become perfectly 
developed. Contains all the various movements necessary to become pro- 
ficient and of well-developed physique. Thoroughly explained and illus- 
trated with numerous drawings. Price 10 cents. 

No. 40-Archery 

By J. S. Mitchel. An introductory chapter on the use of the bow and 
arrow; archery of the present day; the bow and how to use it, with prac- 
tical illusti-ations on the right and wrong method of aiming. Price 10 cents. 

No. 55-OfTlcial Sporting Rules 

Contains rules not found in other publications for the government of 
many sports; rules for wrestling, cross-country running. shufHeboard, 
skating, snowshoeing, quoits, potato racing, professional racing, rac- 
quets, pigeon flying, dog racing, pistol and revolver shooting. Price 10 
cents. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY 

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No.87-Athletic Primer 

Edited by James E. Sullivan, Secretary-Treasurer of the Amateur Ath- 
letic Union; tells how to organize an athletic club, how to conduct an 
athletic meeting, and gives rules for the government of athletic meet- 
ings; contents also include directions for building a track and laying 
out athletic grounds, and a very instructive article on training ; fully 
illustrated with pictures of leading athletes in action. Price 10 cents. 

No* 102-Cround Tumbling 

By Prof. Henry Walter Worth, who was for years physical director of 
the Armour Institute of Technology. Any boy, by reading this book and 
following the instructions, which are drawn from life, can become a pro- 
ficient tumbler; all the various tricks explained. Price 10 cents. 

No. (04-The Grading of Gymnastic Exercises 

By G. M. Martin, Physical Director of the Y. M. C. A. of Youngstown, 
Ohio. It is a book that should be in the hands of every physical director 
of the Y. M. C. A., school, club, college, etc. The contents comprise: 
The place of the class in physical training; grading of exercises and sea- 
son schedules— grading of men, grading of exercises, season schedules 
for various classes, elementary and advanced classes, leaders, optional 
exercises, examinations, college and school work; calisthenic exercises, 
graded apparatus exercises and general massed class exercises. Nearly 
200 pages. Price 10 cents. 

No. 124-How to Become a Gymnast 

By Robert StoU, of the New York A. C, the American champion on the 
flying rings from 1885 to 1892. Any boy who frequents a gymnasium can 
easily follow the illustrations and instructions in this book and with a 
little practice become proficient on the horizontal and parallel bars, the 
trapeze or the "horse." Price 10 cents. 

No. 128-How to Row 

By E. J. Giannini, of the New York A. C, one of America's most 
famous amateur oarsmen and champions. This book will instruct any 
one who is a lover of rowing how to become an expert. It is fully 
illustrated, showing how to hold the oars, the finish of the stroke and 
other information that will prove valuable to the beginner. Contains 
also the official laws of boat racing of the National Association of 
Amateur Oarsmen. Price 10 cents. 

No. (29-Water Polo 

By Gus Sundstrom, instructor at the New York A. C. It treats of every 
detail, the individual work of the players, the practice of the team, how 
to throw the ball, with illustrations and many valuable hints. Price 10 
cents. 

No. 135-Ofncial Handbook of the A. A. U. of the 
United States 

The A. A. U. is the governing body of athletes in the TJnite<:< States 
of America, and all games must be held under its rules, which are ex- 
clusively published in this handbook, and a copy should be in the hands 
of every athlete and every club officer in America. This book contains 
the official rules for running, jumping, weight throwing, hurdling, pole 
vaulting, swimming, boxing, wrestling, etc., and is an encyclopedia 
in itself. Price 10 cents. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY 

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No. 136-Ofncial Y. M. C. A. Handbook 

Edited by G. T. Hepbron, the well-known athletic authority. It contains 
the official rules governing' all sports under the jurisdiction of the Y. M. 
C. A., a complete report of the physical directors' conference, official 
Y. M. C. A. scoring tables, pentathlon rules, many pictures of the lead- 
ing Y. M. C. A. athletes of the country, official Y. M. C. A. athletic 
rules, constitution and by-laws of the Athletic League of Y. M. C. A., all 
around indoor test, volley ball rules; illustrated. Price 10 cents. 

No. 138-Ofncial Croquet Guide 

Contains directions for playing, diagrams of important strokes, descrip- 
tion of grounds, instructions for the beginner, terms used in the game, 
and the official playing rules. Price 10 cents. 

No. 140-Wrestiing 

Catch as catch can style. By E. H. Hitchcock, M. D., of Cornell, and 
R. F. Nelligan, of Amherst College. The book contiiins nearly seventy 
illustrations of the different holds, photographed especially and so de- 
scribeil that anybody who desires to become expert in wrestling can with 
little effort learn every one. Price 10 cents. 

No. (42-Physical Training Simplified 

By Prof. E. B. Warman, the well-known physical culture expert. Is a 
complete, thoi-ough and practical book where the whole man is consid- 
ered—brain and body. By following the instructions no apparatus is 
required. The book is adapted for both sexes. The exercises comprise 
directions as follows: how to stand; how to sit; how to rest; breathing; 
exercises for the fingers, wrists, elbows, shoulders, neck, hips, knees, 
ankles; a word about the muscles; the arms and thighs; shoulders and 
chest; waist; sides; back and abdomen; bowing; bending; twisting; the 
liver squeezer, etc., etc. Fully illustrated. Price 10 cents. 

No. 143-Ondian Clubs and Dumb-Bells 

Two of the most popular forms of home or gymnasium exercise. This 
book is writt^m by America's amateur champion club swinger, J. H. 
Dougherty. It is clearly illustrated, by which any novice can become 
an expert. Price 10 cents. 

No. 149-The Care of the Body 

A book that all who value health should read and follow its instruc- 
tions. By Prof. E. B. Warman, the well known lecturer and authority on 
physical culture. The subject is thoroughly treated, as a glance at the 
following small portion of the contents shows: An all-around athlete; 
muscular Christianity; eating; diet— various opinions; bill of fare for 
brain workers; bill of fare for muscle-makers; what to eat and drink; a 
simple diet; an opinion on brain food; why is food required? drinking wa- 
ter; nutrition— how food nourishes the body; a day's food, how used; 
constituents of a day's ration— beefsteak, potatoes bread, butter, water; 
germs of disease; diseases peculiar to children; digestion — time required; 
dieting; milk; alcoholic drinks; tobacco: sliould clergymen smoke? corsets; 
methods of training; symtnetrical development : tlie jun-fect man; the per- 
fect woman; proper weiglit, lu'ight. and measurement; the secret of not 
growing old; three rules for preventing wrinkles; physicians and drugs; 
Christian science; catching cold; bathing: the uses of salt; catarrh; a clear 
complexion; sleeping; insomnia; the care of the feet; color of the clothing; 
breathing; ventilation. Price 10 cents. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY 

TRICE TEN CENTS PER COPY 
No. 152-Table Tennis 

The contents include the official rules and illustrations of the various 
strokes, posed by experts. Price 10 cents. 

No. 154-Field Hockey 

To those in need of vigorous and healthful out-of-doors exercise this 
game is recommended highly. Its healthful attributes are manifold 
and the interest of player and spectator alike is kept active throughout 
the progress of the game. Can be played by either sex and occupies a 
prominent place in the sports at Vassar, Smith, Wellesley, Bryn Mawr 
and other leading colleges. Price 10 cents. 

No. 156-The Athlete's Guide 

How to become an athlete. It contains full instructions for the begin- 
ner, telling how to sprint, hurdle, jump and throw weights, general 
hints on training; in fact, this book is one of the most complete on the 
subject that has ever appeared. Special chapters contain valuable ad- 
vice to beginners and important A. A. U. rules and their explanations 
while the pictures comprise many exclusive scenes showing champions 
in action. Price 10 cents. 

No. 157-How to Play Lawn Tennis 

A complete description of lawn tennis is found in this book ; a history 
of the game ; a lesson for beginners and directions telling how to make 
the most important strokes; styles and skill of the experts; the American 
twist service; how to build and keep a court. Illustrated from photo- 
graphs of leading players in action. Price 10 cents. 

No. 158-lndoor and Outdoor Gymnastic Games 

Without question one of the best books of its kind ever published. 
Compiled by Prof. A. M. Chesley, the well-known Y. M. C. A. physical 
director. It is a book that will prove valuable to indoor and outdoor gym- 
nasiums, schools, outings and gatherings where there are a number to be 
amused. The games described comprise a list of 120. divided into several 
groups: simple games for a large number, tag games and racing games; 
games for a few; ball games and athletic feats. Price 10 cents. 

No. 161-Ten Minutes' Exercise for Busy Men 

By Dr. Luther Halsey Gulick, superintendentof physical training in the 
New York public schools. Anyone who is looking for a concise and com- 
plete course of physical education at home would do well to procure a 
copy of this book. Ten minutes' work as directed is exercise anyone 
can follow. It already has had a large sale and has been highly com- 
mended by all who have followed its instructions. Nearly 100 pages of 
illustrations and 100 of text. Price 10 cents. 

No. 162-How to Become a Boxer 

For many years books have been issued on the art of boxing, but it 
has remained for us to arrange a book that we think is sure to fill all 
demands. It contains over 70 pages of illustrations showing all the 
latest blows, posed especially for this book under the supervision of one 
of the best instructors of boxing in the United States, who makes a 
specialty of teaching and who knows how to impart his knowledge. 
They are so arranged that anyone can easily become a proficient 
boxey. The book also contains i)ictures of all the well known boxers. 
A partial list of the 200 pages of the book include: A history of 
boxing; how to box: the correct position; the hands; clenching the 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY 

PRICE TEN CENTS PER COPY 



fist; the art of gaug-ingr distance: the first principles of hitting; the 
elements of defence; feinting-; knockout blows: the chin punch; the 
blow under the ear; the famous solar plexus knockout: the heart blow; 
famous blows and their originators: Fitzsimmons' contribution; the McCoy 
corkscrew; the kidney punch; the liver punch; the science of boxing; 
proper position of hand and arm, left hook to face; hook to the jaw; how 
to deliver the solar plexus; correct delivery of a right uppercut; blocking 
a right swing and sending a right uppercut to chin; blocking a left swing 
and sending a left uppercut to chin; the side step; hints on training, 
diet and breathing; how to train; rules for boxing. Price 10 cents. 

No. r65-The Art of Fencing 

This is a new book by Regis and Louis Senac, of New York, famous 
instructors and leading authorities on the subject. Messrs. Senac give 
in detail how every move should be made, and tell it so clearly that any- 
one can follow the instructions. It is illustrated with sixty full page 
pictures, posed especially for this book. Price 10 cents. 

No. 166-How to Swing Indian Clubs 

By Prof. E. B. Warman, the well-known exponent of physical culture. 
The most complete work on this special subject ever issued. By following 
the directions carefully anyone can become an expert. Price 10 cents. 

No. 167-Quoits 

By M. W. Deshong. The need of a book on this interesting game has 
been felt by many who wished to know the fine points and tricks used 
by the experts. Mr. Deshong explains them, with illustrations, so that a 
novice can readily understand. Price 10 cents. 

No. I70-Push Ball 

Played with an air-inflated ball 6 feet in diameter, weighing about 
50 pounds. A side consists of eleven men. This book contains the official 
rules and a sketch of the game; illustrated. Price 10 cents. 

No. 171-Basket Ball for Women 

Edited by Miss Senda Berenson, of Smith College. Contains the rules 
for basket ball for women as adopted by the conference on physical train- 
ing, held in June, 1899, at Springfield, Mass., and articles on the follow- 
ing subjects: Psychological effects of basket ball for women, by Dr. 
Luther H. Gulick, superintendent of physical training in the schools of 
Greater New York; physiological effects of basket ball, by Theodore 
Hough, Ph. D.; significance of basket ball for women, by Senda Berenson: 
relative merit of the Y. M. C A. rules and women's rules, by Augusta 
Lane Patrick; practical side of basket ball, by Ellen Emerson, B. K., 
Agnes Childs, A. B., Fanny Garrison. A. B.; A Plea for Basket Ball, by 
Julia EUsbee Sullivan, Teachers' College, New York: diagram of field, 
showing position of team; illustrated with many pictures of basket ball 
teams. Price 10 cents. 

No. 174-Distance and Cross Country Running 

By George Orton, the famous University of Pennsylvania runner. 
Tells how to become proficient at the quarter, half, mile, the longer 
distances, and cross-country ranning and steeplechasing, with instruo- 
tions for training and schedules to be observed when preparing for a 
contest. Illustrated with numerous pictures of leading athletes in ac- 
tion, with comments by the editor on the good and bad points shown. 
Price 10 cents. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY 

PRICE TEN CENTS PER COPY 



No. 177-How to Swim 

. ^y J- ?!• Sterrett. the leading authority on swimming in America The 
instructions will interest the expert as well as the novice? thelTustra! 
tions.were made from photoprraphs especially posed, showing the swim- 
mer in clear water: a valuable feature is tlie series of "land drill" ex- 
ercises for the beginner, which is illustrated by many drawings The 
contents comprise: A plea for education in swimming: sSming as 
be^fnfoTV"f /'''■^^''^'^^rT^= land drill exercises: plain swimnSng! 
.tvlT ^^^^^I learning: the breast stroke: breathing; under-arm side 
stioke: scientific strokes-over-arm side stroke; double over-arm or 
n,IVi *!'"''" • ^^troke; touching and turning; training for racing, orna- 
mental swimming; floating; divuig; running header; back diveT diving 
leet foremost; the propeller; marching on the water; swimming on the 
back: amateur swimming rules; amateur plunging rules. Price 10 cents. 

No. 178-How to Train for Bicycling 

Gives methods of the best riders when training for long or short dis- 
tance races; hints on training. Revised and up-to-date in every particu- 
lar. Price 10 cents. ^ 

No. ISO-Ring Hockey 

A new game for tlie gymnasium, invented by Dr. J. M. Vorhees of 
Pratt Institute Brooklyn, that has sprung into instiint popularity • as 
exciting as basket ball. This book contiiins official rules. Price 10 cents. 

No. 182-AII-Around Athletics 

Gives in full the methotl of scoring the Ail-Around Championship 
giving percentage tiibles sliowing what each man receives for each per- 
formance in each of the ten events. It contiiins as well instructive articles 
on how to train for the Ail-Around Championship. Illustrated with many 
pictures of champions in action and scenes at all-around meets. Price 
10 cents. 



No. 185-Health Hints 

A series of articles by Prof. E. B. Warman, the well known lecturer and 
authority on physical culture. Prof. Warman treats verv interestingly 
of health influenced by insulation; health influenced by underwear- 
health influenced by color; exercise, who needs it? Price 10 cents. 

No. 187-How to Play Roller Polo 

Edited by J. C. Morse. A full description of the game ; official rules ; 
pictures of teams ; other articles of interest. Price 10 cents. 

No. i88-Lawn Hockey, Tether Tennis, Coif Cro- 
quet, Volley Ball, Hand Tennis, Carden Hockey, 
Parlor Hockey, Badminton 

Containing the rules for eacli game. Illustrated. Price 10 cents. J 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY 

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No. 189-Rules for Games 

Compiled by Jessie H. Bancroft, director of physical training, depart- 
ment of education. New York City, Borough of Brooklyn. The games 
described in this book are intended for use at recesses, and all but the 
team games have been adapted to large classes. While it is desirable 
that all the players should have a maximum of physical activity, it has 
been found that some games, which keep only a few of the players run- 
ning at once, are of important service for mental hygiene, through their 
power of holding the voluntary attention. Indeed, the interest of the 
children has been made one test of the success of the games. The games 
are suitable for children from three to eight years, and include a great 
variety, divided under the general heads of ball games, bean bag games, 
circle games, singing games and miscellaneous games. Price 10 cents. 

No. 191-How to Punch th© Bag 

By W. H. Roth well ("Young Coi-bett"), champion featherweight of 
the world. This book is undoubtedly the best treatise on bag punching 
that has ever been printed. Every variety of blow used in training is 
shown and explained. The pictures comprise thirty-three full page re- 
productions of Young Corbett as he appears while at work in his train 
ing quarters. The photographs were taken by our special artist and can- 
not be seen in any other publication than Spalding's Athletic Library No. 
191. Fancy bag punching is treated by a well known theatrical baff 
puncher, who shows tlie latest tricks. Price 10 cents. 

No. 193-How to Play Basket Ball 

By G. T. Hepbron, editor of the Official Basket Ball Guide. Contains 
full instructions for players, both for the expert and the novice, duties 
of officials, and specially posed full page pictures showing the correct 
and incorrect methotls of playing. The demand for a book of this character 
is fully satisfied in this publication, as many points are included which 
could not be incorporated in the annual publication of the Basket Ball 
Guide for want of room. Price 10 cents. 

No. 194-Racquets, Squash-Racquets and Court 
Tennis 

The need of an authoritative handbook at a popular price on these 
games is filled by this book. How to play each game is thorougly ex- 
plained, and all the difficult strokes shown by special photographs taken 
especially for this book. Contains the official rules for each game, 
with photographs of well known courts. Price 10 cents. 

No. 195-OfTlclal Roque Guide 

The official publication of the National Roque Association of America. 
Edited by Prof. Charles Jacobus, ex-champion. Contiiins a description of 
the courts and their construction, diagrams of the field, illustrations, 
rules and valuable information concerning the game of roque. Price 
10 cents. 

No. 196-Ofncial Base Ball Guide 

Edited by Henry Chawick, the "Father of Base Ball," the official pub- 
lication of base ball. It contains a complete record of all leagues in 
America, pictures of teams, official rules and reviews of the game. The 
standard base ball annuiil of the country. Price 10 cents. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY 

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No. I&7-Spa|ding's Lawn .Tennis Annual 

Contai.iS official statistics, photographs of leading players, special 
articles on the game, review of important tournaments, official rules, 
handicapping rules and tables ; list of fixtures for the current year and 
other valuable information. Price 10 cents. 

No. 198-Spalding's Official Cricket Guide 

Edited by Jerome Flannery. The most complete year book of the game 
that has ever been published in America. It contains all the records oi 
the previous year, reports of special matches, official rules and pictures 
of all the leading teams and individual players. Price 10 cents. 

No. 199-Equestrian Polo Guide 

Compiled by H. L. FitzPatrick of the New York Sun. Illustrated with 
portraits of leading players and contains most useful information for polo 
players in relation to playing the game, choosing of equipment and 
mounts; contains the official rules and handicaps of the National Associa- 
tion. Price 10 cents. 

No. 200-Dumb-Bells 

This is undoubtedly the best work on dumb-bells that has ever been 
offered. The author, Mr. G. Bojus, of New York City, was formerly 
superintendent of physical culture in the Elizabeth (N.J.) public schools, 
instructor at Columbia University, instructor for four years at the Col- 
umbia summer school, and is now proprietor of the Liberty Street Gym- 
nasium, at 121 Liberty Street, New York City. The book contains 200 
photographs of all the various exercises, with the instructions in large, 
readable type. It should be in the hands of every teacher and pupil of 
physical culture, and is invaluable for home exercise as well. Price 10 
cents. 

No. 20I-Lacrosse-From Candidate to Team 

By William C. Schmeisser, captain Johns Hopkins University champion 
intercollegiate lacrosse team of 1902 ; edited by Ronald T. Abercrombie, 
ex-captain and coach of Johns Hopkins University lacrosse team, 1900-1904. 
Every position is thoroughly explained in a most simple and concise man- 
ner, rendering it the best manual of the game ever published. Illustrated 
with numerous snapshots of important plays. Price 10 cents. 

No. 202-Howto Play Base Ball 

Edited by T. H. Murnane. New and revised edition. Contents: How to 
become a batter, by Napoleon Lajoie, James Collins, Hugh Jennings and 
Jesse Tannehill; how to run the bases, by Jack Doyle and Frank L. Chance; 
advice to base runners, by James E. Sullivan, Secretary-Treasurer A.A.U.; 
how to become a good pitcher, by Cy Young, "Rube" Waddell and Bert 
Cunningham; on curve pitchintr, by Cy Young, James J. Callahan, Frank 
Donahue, Vic Willis, William Dineen and Charley Nichols: how to become 
a good catcher, by Eddie Phelps, William Sullivan and M. J. Kittridge; 
how to play first base, by Hugh Jennings; how to play second base, by 
Napoleon Lajoie and William Gleason: how to play third base, by James 
Collins and Lave Cross: how to play shortstop, by Herman Long: how to 
play the infield, by Charles A. Comiskey; how to play the outfield, by 
Fred Clarke; the earmarks of a ball player, by John J. McGraw; good 
advice for players; how to organize a team; how to manage a team; how 
to score a game; how to umpire a game; base ball rules interpreted 
for boys. Price JO cents. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY 

PRICE TEN CENTS PER COPY 



No, 204-OfTicial Intercollegiate A. A. A. Handbook 

Contains constitution, by-laws, laws of athletics, and rules to govern 
the awarding of the championship cup of the Intercollegiate Athletic 
Association of Amateur Athletes of America, the governing body in col- 
lege athletics. Contains official intercollegiate records from 1876 to 1903, 
with the winner's name and time in each event, list of points won by each 
college, and list of officers of the association from 1889 to 1904, inclusive. 
To anyone interested in college athletics the book is invaluable as a record. 
Price 10 cents. 



No. 205-Ofnclal Handbook of the Public Schools 
Athletic League 

This is the official handbook of the Public Schools Athletic League, 
which embraces all the public schools of Greater New York. It contains 
the official rules that govern all the contests of the league, and consti- 
tution, by-laws and officers. Edited by Dr. Luther Halsey Gulick, super- 
intendent of physical education in the New York public schools, and 
Wm. C. J. Kelly, secretary of the league. Illustrated with numerous 
portraits of schoolboy athletes. Price 10 cents. 

No. 206-How to Play Coif 

No golfer should miss having a copy of this golf guide, Harry Var- 
don tells how to play game, with life-like illustrations showing the 
different strokes. The book also contains the revised official rules, offi- 
cial records, as well as pictures of many important players, and a direc- 
tory giving name, address, membership and length of golf course of clubs 
in the United States, Price 10 cents. 

No. 207-Bowllng on the Green; or, Lawn Bowls 

This famous Scottish game has achieved considerable popularity in 
America. Contains an account of the introduction of the game in 
America; diagram of a green; how to construct a green; necessary equip- 
ment; how to play the game, and the official rules as promulgated by 
the Scottish Bowling Association. This handbook of the game has been 
edited by Mr. James W. Greig, a well known authority, and is thoroughly 
up to date. Illustrated with portraits of prominent players. Price 10 
cents. 

No. 208-Physical Education and Hygiene 

This is the fifth of the Physical Training series, by Prof. E. B. Warman 
(see Nos. 142, 149, 166 and 185), and a glance at the contents will show the 
variety of subjects : Chapter I— Basic principles ; longevity. Chapter II 
—Hints on eating ; food values ; the uses of salt. Chapter III— Medicinal 
value of certain foods. Chapter IV— The efficacy of sugar ; sugar, food 
for muscular work ; eating for strength and endurance ; fish as brain 
food ; food for the children. Chapter V— Digestibility ; bread ; appen- 
dicitis due to flour. Chapter VI— Hints on drinking— Water, milk, butter- 
milk, tea, coffee ; how to remain young. Chapter VII— Hints on bathing ; 
cold, hot, warm, tepid, salt, sun, air, Russian, Turkish, cabinet. Chapter 
VIII— Hints on breathing; breathlessness, heart strain, second wind, 
yawning, the art of yogi. Price 10 cents. 



SPALDING^S ATHLETIC LIBRARY 

PRICE TEN CENTS PER COPY 



No. 209-How to Become a Skater 

Contains advice for beginners; how to become a figure skater thor- 
oughly explained with many diagrams showing how to do all the 
different tricks of the best figure skaters, including the MohJwk with 
all Its variations; Q's. forward and backward, inside and outside the 
crosscuts, including the difficult Swedish style; inside and ouisidi 
spins; the grapevine, with its numerous branches, and many other styles 
which will be comparatively simple to any one who follows the directions 
given. Profusely illustrated with pictures of prominent skaters and 
numerous diagrams. Price 10 cents. atci^ anu 

No. 210-How to Play Foot Ball 

Edited -by Walter Camp. Revised for season of 1904. The contents 
embrace everything that a beginner wants to know and many points that 
an expert will be glad to learn. An introductory chapter for begin- 
ners : how to play and tackle ; back formations, by Walter Camp. Quar- 
terback is described by deSaulles. the famous Yale player • how to give 
signals IS explained by Rockwell and Hogan of the Yale team who show 
with many diag-rams how the big teams make their sensational plays • 
Lewis the well-known Harvard player, gives instructions in the methods 
of defence, and William T. Reid. the former Harvard fullback, tells of 
the duties of the backs. The pictures are made from snapshots of 
leading teams and individual players in action, with comments by Walter 
Camp. Price 10 cents. 

No. 2H-Spalding's Official Foot Ball Guide 

Edited by Walter Camp. Contains the new rules, with diagram of 
held as newly arranged; special chapters on the game, foot ball for the 
Bpectator All-America teams, as selected by leading authorities- 
Middle West. Southern. Canadian foot ball, records, and pictures of 
ail the prominent teams, embracing nearly 3.000 players. Price 10 cents. 

No.2l2-Off1cial Basket Ball Culde 

Edited by George T. Hepbron. Contains the revised official rules de- 
cisions on disputed points, records of prominent teams, reports on' the 
game from various parts of the country, and pictures of hundreds of 
players. The standard basket ball annual of the country. Price 10 cents. 

No. 213-285 Health Answers 

Contents: Necessity for exercise in the summer; three rules for bicy- 
cling; when going up-hill; sitting out on summer nights; ventilating a 
bedroom; ventilating a house; how to obtain pure air; bathing- salt 
water baths at home; a substitute for ice water; drinking ice water'- to 
cure insomnia; asleep in two minutes; for those who ride wheels; summer 
outdoor exercise; profuse perspiration; danger of checking perspiration- 
dress, hot weather; light colored clothing; how to avoid catching cold- 
eating; a few good rules; drinking; how to go up and d own stairs; the 
proper way to breathe; correct position; to secure correct position'; the 
right way to sit; when you are walking; perfect freedom; stationary 
running; fish as brain food; condiments; internal baths; honey; anemic 
condition; high collars; alcohol; measurements of women; process of 
digestion; southern corn; children dining: blanched almonds; ice-cold 
water; beans; running; insomnia; consumptives; tub bath; codfish and 
potatoes; rheumatism; strength begins in the stomach; nervousness; 
poor complexions; lines about the mouth, etc., etc., etc. Price 10 cents.* 



FEB 3 19C5 

SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY 

PRICE TEN CENTS PER COPY 

No. 214-Craded Calisthenics and Dumb-Bell 
Drills 

By Albert B. Wegener, Physical Director Y. M. C. A., Rochester, N, Y. 
Ever since graded apparatus work has been used in gymnastics, the ne- 
cessity of having a mass drill that would harmonize with it has been felt. 
For years it has been the established custom in most gymnasiums of 
memorizing a set drill, never varied from one year's end to the other. 
Consequently the beginner was given the same kind and amount as the 
older member. With a view to giving uniformity the present treatise is 
attempted. Price 10 cents. 

No. 215-lndoor Base Ball 

America's national game is now vieing with other indoor games as a 
winter pastime. This book contains the playing rules, pictures of lead- 
ing teams, and interesting articles on the game. Price 10 cents. 

No. 216-How to Become a Bowler 

By S. Karpf, Secretary of the American Bowling Congress, and one 
of the best posted men on bowling in America. Contents: History of the 
sport: diagrams of effective deliveries: how to bowl; a few hints to be- 
ginners; American Bowling Congress; the national championships; how 
to build an alley; how to score; spares— how they are made. Rules for 
cocked hat, cocked hat and feather, quintet, battle game, nine up and 
nine down, head pin and four back, ten pins— head pin out, five back, the 
Newport game, ten pin heed pin game, duckpin game, head pin game, 
Dayton candle (rubber neck) pjn game. New England candle pin game. 
Illustrated with portraits of all,' the t)rominent bowlers. Price 10 cents. 

No. 217-Ofncial Athletic Almanac 

Compiled by J. E. Sullivan, Chief Department Physical Culture, Louis- 
iana Purchase Exposition, and Director Olympic Games, 1904. The only 
annual publication now issued that contains a complete list of amateur 
best-on-records; complete intercollegiate records; complete English records 
from 1866; swimming records; interscholastic records; Irish, Scotch 
and Australasian records ; reports of leading athletic meets; skating 
. records; important athletic events and numerous photos of individual 
athletes and leading athletic teams. This year's issue is a special Olympic 
Games number and contains the only full account of the Olympic Games 
of 1904, and a review of Anthropological Days at the World's Fair 
stadiurn, being the first time on record where athletic events were con- 
tested in which savages were the exclusive participants, thus forming 
the first authoritative basis for a comparison between the abilities of 
the civilized athlete and the savage. Price 10 cents. 

No.2l8-Ice Hockey and Ice Polo 

Written by the most famous player in Canada, A. Farrell, of th< 
Shamrock hockey team of Montreal. It contains a complete description 
of the game, its origin, points of a good player, and an instructive ar- 
ticle on how game is played, with diagrams and official rules. Illus- 
trated with pictures of leading teams. Price 10 cents. 



FEB 2 5 



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